Maddie Robinson Chapter 8: Endocrinology

pituitary gland

master gland

thyroid gland

thyroxin-- increases metabolic reactions with energy production, growth and development (hypo/hyperthyroidism)

calcitonin-- lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

parathyroid gland

PTH-- increases blood calcium and lowers blood phosphorous levels (hypocalcemia/decalcification)

adrenal glands

medulla--

• epinephrine- increases metabolic rate, heart rate, breathing, and blood flow during exercise

cortex--

• aldosterone- steroid hormone, causes kidneys to retain salt and water; excrete potassium into urine

• cortisol- stress hormone, raises blood sugar levels (addison’s/cushing’s disease)

pancreas

insulin-- beta cells, lowers blood sugar levels, glycogenesis (diabetes)

glucagon-- alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels, glyogenolysis

testes

testosterone-- masculinizing hormone

ovaries

estrogen-- feminizing hormone

progesterone-- preparing for pregnancy, increases vascularization of uterus (growth blood vessels)

thyroxin

increases biochemical reactions associated with energy production, growth, and development

calcitonin

loers blood calcium and phosphate levels

synthroid

medicine for cretinism (hypothyroidism)

hypothyroidism

low thyroxin

cretinism

hypothyroidism in children: short stature, developmental delays

hyperthyroidism

high thyroxin

parathyroid hormone

PTH; increases blood calcium levels and lowers blood phosphorous levels

hypocalcemia

low PTH

adrenal medulla

epinephrine; increases metabolic rate, heart rate, breathing, and blood flow to muscles during exercise

adrenal cortex

aldosterone-- causes kidneys to retain salt and water and secrete potassium into urine

cortisol-- raises blood sugar levels

epinephrine (adrenaline)

adrenaline/neurotransmitter

aldosterone

steroid hormone

cortisol

stress hor

addison’s disease

low cortisol

cushing’s disease

high cortisol

insulin

lowers blood sugar levels

glucagon

raises blood sugar levels

diabetes mellitus

not enough insulin

glycogenesis

glucose —> glycogen

testosterone

masculinizing hormone

estrogen

feminizing hormone

progesterone

preparing for pregnancy

human chorionic gonadotropin

maintain vascularization during pregnancy

placenta

chorionic gonadotropin-- pregnancy tests test for; maintain vascularization during pregnancy

gestation

pregnancy

glycogenolysis

breaking down to glucose