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Cultural Evolution
Development of Learned Behaviour
Out of Africa Hypothesis
Theory of dispersal where Homo Erectus emerged in and left Africa, Homo heidelbergensis emerged in and left Africa and replaced Homo Erectus, followed by Homo sapiens who emerged in and left Africa replacing all other previous Homini species, with no gene flow Replacement with some gene
Multi Regional Theory
Theory of dispersal where Homo Erectus left Africa, evolved into Homo Heidelbergensis, who in turn evolved into Homo sapiens, with lots of gene flow - Fossil evidence
mTDNA
Mitochondrial DNA, passed down from mother to daughter, so remains unchanged except for mutations - thus can be used as a molecular clock
Y chromosome
Passed down from father to son carrying out little recombination with the X chromosome, so remains unchanged except for mutations - thus can be used as a molecular clock
Fossil evidence
Bones and other artefacts that do not disintegrate over long periods of time - can be dated and used to indicate evolution and past occurrences
Currently Accepted Theory of Dispersal
Replacement with some gene flow between Homo sapiens and ancestral Hominins