Biol 4104 Exam 1 Multiple Choice

1. Match the following words or phrases with the appropriate phrase or description from the list following:

rough ER (granular ER) ________

Gap junctions ________

Golgi apparatus ________

Mitochondria ________

Nucleolus ________

smooth ER ________

Actin filaments ________

Lysosomes ________

Microtubule ________

A. ribosomal RNA synthesis and initial ribosome assembly

B. Production of proteins that will primarily be secreted from the cell

C. Function in generation of ATP

D. Permit communication of adjacent cells

E. Cytoskeletal structures composed of actin

F. Major cytoskeletal components of cilia

G. Contain hydrolytic enzymes and are primary digestive organelles of cell

H. Primarily responsible for trafficking and sorting of molecules within the cell

I. Site of production of steroids

rough ER (granular ER) - Production of proteins that will primarily be secreted from the cell

Gap junctions - Permit communication of adjacent cells

Golgi apparatus - Primarily responsible for trafficking and sorting of molecules within the cell

Mitochondria - Function in generation of ATP

Nucleolus - ribosomal RNA synthesis and initial ribosome assembly

smooth ER - Site of production of steroids

Actin filaments -Cytoskeletal structures composed of actin

Lysosomes - Contain hydrolytic enzymes and are primary digestive organelles of cell

Microtubule - Major cytoskeletal components of cilia

Identify INCORRECT statement

A. Heterochromatin is clumps of densely staining chromatin within nucleus.

B. Eosin is chemically basic dye and stain acidic structures, such as heterochromatin, nucleoli, and rER.

C. Nucleoli is responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis and initial ribosome assembly

D. One of the functions of rER is production of proteins that will primarily be secreted from the cell.

E. Heterochromatin is coiled and inactive chromosomal material.

B. Eosin is chemically basic dye and stain acidic structures, such as heterochromatin, nucleoli, and rER.

Identify the INCORRECT statement

A. Epithelia are classified by the number of cell layers.

B. In pseudostratified epithelia, all epithelial cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

C. Epithelia are classified by the shape of the cells in the basal cell layer.

D. The appearance of an epithelium can vary with the angle of the section relative to the surface of the epithelium.

E. The rules that are used to classify epithelia can be used to describe endothelia and mesothelia.

C. Epithelia are classified by the shape of the cells in the basal cell layer.

Identify the INCORRECT statement

A. Epithelia are avascular.

B. Microvilli increase the surface area of the epithelia cells.

C. The basement membrane can act as a selective filter between epithelium and connective tissue.

D. Absorptive epithelia contain a dense network of blood vessels.

E. Cilia are actively motile structures, which help to move substances along the epithelial surface.

D. Absorptive epithelia contain a dense network of blood vessels.

Identify the INCORRECT statement

A. Intercellular attachment (tight junction) between epithelial cells is an effective barrier to the simple diffusion of substances across an epithelium.

B. Cilia are apical projections that can be seen easily with the light microscope.

C. Microvilli are barely visible with the light microscope

D. Epithelia are relying on nourishment from the capillaries of the underlying connective tissues.

E. Only stratified epithelia contain two or more rows of cell nuclei.

E. Only stratified epithelia contain two or more rows of cell nuclei.

For each of the epithelial descriptions below, pick the appropriate epithelial type form the list A-H.

___ Epithelial type that play a protective function and is found lining the esophagus

___ Epithelial type that is associated with distensible organs (e.g. urinary bladder)

___ Epithelial type found lining small capillaries where it modulates diffusion

___ Epithelial type found lining trachea and bronchial tree.

A. Simple squamous

B. Simple cuboidal

C. Simple columnar

D. Stratified cuboidal

E. Stratified squamous

F. Stratified columnar

G. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

H. Transitional

E. Stratified squamous: Epithelial type that play a protective function and is found lining the esophagus

H. Transitional: Epithelial type that is associated with distensible organs (e.g. urinary bladder)

A. Simple squamous: Epithelial type found lining small capillaries where it modulates diffusion

G. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar: Epithelial type found lining trachea and bronchial tree.

Which of the following statements about the epithelia is true?

A. They are polarized.

B. They are vascularized.

C. They are completely surrounded by a basal lamina.

D. They contain wide intercellular spaces.

E. They are not part of the wall of blood vessels.

A. They are polarized.

Which of the following statements about the connective tissue is NOT true?

A. Ground substance is located between connective tissue fibers and cells

B. Connective tissues can be classified by the density and orientation of connective tissue fibers.

C. Connective tissue cells are the dominant tissue component in dense connective tissues.

D. All connective tissues have similar component and share cell types

E. Extracellular matrix is a complex structural network that surrounds and support cells within the connective tissue.

C. Connective tissue cells are the dominant tissue component in dense connective tissues.

Which of the following statements about the connective tissue is NOT true?

A. Extracellular matrix is produced by fibroblasts.

B. The release of histamine by macrophages attracts white blood cells to sites of injury or infection.

C. Ground substance is an essential participant in the transport of nutrients and wastes between the blood and other tissues.

D. Ground substance is composed of proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins.

E. Plasma cells produces circulating antibodies.

B. The release of histamine by macrophages attracts white blood cells to sites of injury or infection.

*** mainly released by mast cells

Which cell type is involved in the synthesis and maintenance of the extracellular components of connective tissues?

A. mast cell

B. macrophage

C. fibroblast

D. adipocyte

E. plasma cell

C. fibroblast

Dense regular connective tissue is present in

A. capsules of organs.

B. basement membrane.

C. tendons.

D. skin.

E. dermis.

C. tendons.

Of the following cell types found in the connective tissue, which is most often present along capillaries?

A. Plasma cell

B. Adipocyte

C. Macrophage

D. Mast cell

E. Fibroblast

D. Mast cell

Which of the following statements about the cartilage is NOT true?

A. Hyaline cartilage is avascular.

B. Articular cartilage is a specialized form of hyaline cartilage.

C. Isogenous groups of chondrocytes have a common cell ancestor.

D. During development, cartilage grows by interstitial and appositional mechanisms.

E. The main sources of nourishment of articular cartilage are blood vessels in the underlying bone.

E. The main sources of nourishment of articular cartilage are blood vessels in the underlying bone.

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

A. Volkman's canals establish connections between Haversian canals and the inner surface of compact bone.

B. The term lamellar refer to the appearance of bone under the microscope.

C. Canaliculli are small channels between the lacunae, which house chondrocytes.

D. The resorptive activity of osteoclasts is stimulated by parathyroid hormone and inhibited by calcitonin.

E. Bone remodeling occurs throughout life.

C. Canaliculli are small channels between the lacunae, which house chondrocytes.

Formation of new cartilage along the surface of preexisting cartilage is termed:

A. Appositional growth

B. Interstitial growth

C. Intramembranous growth

D. Isogenous growth

A. Appositional growth

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

A. Osteocytes and chondrocytes are located in lacunae, i.e. small hollows in the matrix of bone and cartilage.

B. The terms lamellar refer to the appearance of bone under the microscope.

C. Osteoprogenitor cells form the cartilage model necessary for endochondral ossification.

D. Osteoblasts deposit the organic matrix of bone as osteoid.

E. The periosteum and endosteum contain osteoprogenitor cells.

C. Osteoprogenitor cells form the cartilage model necessary for endochondral ossification.

Identify the CORRECT statement

A. Epiphyseal plates allow for the growth and remodeling of bone throughout life.

B. Lamellae surrounding Haversian canals are called circumferential lamellae.

C. The periosteum and endosteum contain osteoprogenitor cells.

D. The lamellae of trabecular and compact bone are organized into Haversian system (osteons).

E. Osteoclast deposits the organic matrix of bone as osteoid.

C. The periosteum and endosteum contain osteoprogenitor cells.

The type of cartilage found in the external ear is

A. hyaline cartilage.

B. elastic cartilage.

C. fibrocartilage.

D. articular cartilage.

E. osteocartilage.

B. elastic cartilage.

Identify INCORRECT statement

A. Perichondrium contains the blood vessels that nourish cartilage via diffusion.

B. Perichondrium is also source of new chondrocytes.

C. Cartilage undergoes continuous internal remodeling throughout life.

D. Osteocytes drive all their nutrients and dispose wastes by diffusion of materials through the matrix.

E. Articular cartilage is nourished by oxygen and nutrients in synovial fluid.

D. Osteocytes drive all their nutrients and dispose wastes by diffusion of materials through the matrix.

Identify INCORRECT statement

A. In spongy bone, nutrition is supplied from blood vessels lying in the endosteum.

B. Nutrition to the outer circumferential lamellae is supplied from blood vessels lying in the periosteum.

C. Nutrition to the inner circumferential lamellae is supplied from blood vessels lying in the endosteum.

D. Periosteum does not contain osteoprogenitor cells in adults.

E. Endosteum covers Volkman's and Haversian canals.

D. Periosteum does not contain osteoprogenitor cells in adults.

Identify INCORRECT statement

A. The central component of osteon is the Haversian canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves.

B. Osteon is composed of concentric lamellae of mineralized material

C. The primary cell type within the mineralized bone of the osteon is the osteoclast

D. Blood vessels reach the osteons from the bone marrow through the Volkmann's canals

C. The primary cell type within the mineralized bone of the osteon is the osteoclast

For each of the descriptions of endochondral bone growth below, match the appropriate zone from the list A-E.

___ Cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows.

___ Cartilage located adjacent to the marrow cavity; chondrocytes dying.

___ Cartilage cells become enlarged; matrix is compressed into linear "bands".

A. Zone of hypertorophy

B. Zone of calcification

C. Zone of proliferation

D. Zone of resorption

E. Twilight zone

C. Zone of proliferation: Cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows.

D. Zone of resorption: Cartilage located adjacent to the marrow cavity; chondrocytes dying.

A. Zone of hypertorophy: Cartilage cells become enlarged; matrix is compressed into linear “bands”.

Identify the INCORRECT statement.

A. The contribution of red blood cells to total blood volume is also called hematocrit.

B. Liver and spleen are important sites of hemopoiesis during fetal development.

C. The specific granules of neutrophils are likely to be primary lysosomes.

D. Neutrophils are motile phagocytes and migrate to their site of action in the connective tissue.

E. Erythrocytes are anucleate in mammals.

C. The specific granules of neutrophils are likely to be primary lysosomes.

Which cell type differentiates into macrophages?

A. Lymphocyte

B. Monocyte

C. Basophil

D. Neutrophil

E. Eosinophil

B. Monocyte

Which of the following is an immuno-competent cell?

A. Red blood cell

B. Lymphocyte

C. Eosinophil

D. Neutrophil

E. Basophil

B. Lymphocyte

Which of the following possesses specific and azurophilic granules?

A. Red blood cell

B. Lymphocyte

C. Platelet

D. Neutrophil

E. Monocyte

D. Neutrophil

How many percent do erythrocytes contribute to total blood volume in healthy individuals?

A. 3%

B. 24%

C. 64%

D. 44%

E. 12%

D. 44%

Which of the following is derived from megakaryocytes?

A. Red blood cell

B. Lymphocytes

C. Platelet

D. Neutrophil

E. Basophil

C. Platelet