2nd multi

EXPATRIATES

 a migrant worker who is a professional or skilled worker in his or her profession.

EXPATS

usually earn more than they would at home

Improve Local Market Knowledge.

By living and working in export territories, expatriates gain a deeper understanding of local market conditions,

Instill Company Culture.

Expatriates work closely with overseas subsidiaries, distributors, agents and joint venture partners to ensure they understand the parent companies’ culture, standards and values.

Transfer Knowledge

 Expatriates transfer knowledge and skills to overseas partners. If they are setting up manufacturing operations,

Increase Local Control.

 By appointing expatriates to manage business in export territories,

Develop Management Talent. 

Appointing employees to overseas assignments helps organizations develop their management skills and competencies

Pre-Assignment Phase

The first phase of the international assignment.

Technical competencies for the job.

 Expatriates should be technically competent.

Personal traits of relational abilities

Refers to the ability of the individual to establish good relations with his/her superiors, peers, subordinates, clients, etc

Ability to cope with environmental variables

Since the political, legal and socioeconomic systems which constitute the macro environment in the host country

Family situation.

his criterion is very important because in many cases the inability of family to adjust to the foreign environment was the crucial factor which caused the failure of the expatriate in the form of premature returning to the parent country.

Actual Assignment

phase is the phase in which the international task is accomplished.

Honeymoon i

is the firstphase of this process and usually lasts from several days to several weeks

culture shock.

Some expatriates may experience negative emotions, since everything they find interesting, can become irritating.

Recovery

is the next phase of expatriates` adaptation and starts when employees begin dealing with their emotions and try to create a positive attitude towards people and the general environment of the host country

Adjustment

This phase is a natural consequence of the fact that expatriates started accepting and adapting to the new environment. 

 Post Assignment Phase

is the phase in which expatriates return to the parent country and try to readjust to the environment they left due to the international assignment.

reverse culture shock

Their work is based on the concept of the culture shock introduced by

Reverse Cultural Shock

an be even severer than cultural shock. The reason is that expatriates are somewhat prepared for the fact that the foreign environment will be different

Timespent abroad

When it deals with the duration of the assignment, it has been arguedthat the longer expatriates are abroad

The self-efficacy

One of the factors which some authors identified as a factor which can influencethe readjustment process.

Expectations.

The important factor which may influence the success of the repatriation process is the expectation with regard to the work and the company after returning to the parent company.