Studied by 17 people
A leading voice of the Beats was
Allen Ginsberg.
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Geneva summit between the United States and the Soviet Union; Soviet invasion of Hungary; U-2 incident
Which of the following was a cultural trend in 1950s America?
the growing association of the automobile with individual freedom
While most Americans saw the alliance of the Defense Department and private industry as a source of jobs and national security, President Eisenhower felt it was a threat to democracy, calling this power the
military-industrial complex.
Which of the following was a feature of suburban married life during the 1950s?
a decline in divorce rates
The so-called kitchen debate between Nixon and Khrushchev occurred in
Moscow, Russia.
Which of the following were instrumental in suburban life and the rise of the subdivisions?
the availability and affordability of cars.
As families escaped their everyday lives for the "open road," this business expanded into approximately 700 fast-food stands by 1964.
McDonald's
In the 1950s, Richard Nixon pioneered efforts to transform the Republican Party's image
from defender of business to champion of the "forgotten man."
What did President Eisenhower call his domestic agenda, which embraced a "mixed economy," in which the government played a major role in planning economic activity, and by which Eisenhower consolidated and legitimized the New Deal?
Modern Republicanism
The National Defense Education Act, which for the first time offered direct federal funding for higher education, was passed into law by Congress in 1957 in response to
the Soviet launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik.
The baby boom lasted until
the mid-1960s.
Which was part of the new "social contract" between organized labor and management in leading industries during the 1950s?
Unions agreed to leave decisions regarding capital investment and plant location in management's hands.
The 1954 update to the doctrine of containment, announced by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, that declared a Soviet attack on any American ally would be countered by a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union, was called "brinksmanship" by its critics and this term by supporters.
massive retaliation
As late as the 1990s, nearly 90 percent of suburban whites lived in communities with non-white populations of less than
percent
In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine
pledged the United States to defend Middle Eastern governments threatened by communism.
Under this kind of program, cities demolished poor neighborhoods in city centers that occupied potentially valuable real estate; in their place were constructed retail centers and all-white middle-income housing complexes.
urban renewal
Milton Friedman's book Capitalism and Freedom outlined which of the following ideas regarding individual liberty?
the repeal of the Social Security system
The small group of poets and writers who railed against mainstream culture, which included Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, were called the
Beats
During the 1950s, the mass movement for civil rights found principal support among
the southern black church.
The principal organization in the Southwest--the equivalent of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)--that challenged restrictions on housing and employment, as well as the segregation of Latino students, was named
the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC).
What was the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case decided on May 17, 1954, in which the "Warren Court" unanimously asserted that segregation in public education violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment?
Brown v. Board of Education
In the aftermath of Rosa Parks's arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white rider, a yearlong bus boycott took place in what city?
Montgomery, Alabama
Which of the following describes Rosa Parks in the years prior to her December 1, 1955, arrest?
She was a participant in meetings protesting the conviction of the Scottsboro Boys.
Which of the following influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1950s leadership of the civil rights movement?
the writings of civil disobedience of Thoreau and Gandhi
What was the coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists formed in 1955 that pressed for desegregation, and in whose organizing Martin Luther King Jr. took the lead?
the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
One of the key advantages the Soviet Union held over the United States on a global scale was America's continuing issue of
segregation.
Regarding the first intercontinental ballistic missile, John F. Kennedy warned that Republicans had allowed what problem to develop regarding Soviet technological and military superiority over the United States?
a missile gap
The causes of the civil rights The causes of the civil rights revolution included which of the following?
destabilization of the racial system during World War II
The Cold War began in
Europe
The tax rate for the richest Americans never fell below what percent during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s?
70 percent
When did the "golden age" of capitalism following World War II begin to decline?
1973
What percentage of Americans had achieved a middle-class standard of living by 1960?
60 percent
What innovations came into widespread use in the 1950s?
automatic dishwashers
The official poverty rate for Americans in 1950 was
30 percent.
Although it was a nationwide phenomenon, 1950s suburbanization gathered its greatest momentum in the West.
True
During the 1950s, material consumption came more and more to eclipse economic independence and democratic engagement as the hallmarks of American freedom.
True
The suburban explosion of the 1950s did much to diminish racial divisions in America.
False
Although Americans in the 1950s grew more intensely religious, fewer than ever were affiliated with religious institutions.
False
Richard Nixon's rise in politics was fueled in part by his ability to make free market conservatism appealing to ordinary people.
True
Dwight Eisenhower entered the presidency determined to dismantle the New Deal.
False
Cultural dissent was more conspicuous than political dissent during the 1950s.
True
The Brown decision encouraged an awakening of civil rights protest--and segregationist protest--in the South, ensuring it would have the backing of federal courts.
True
World War II was followed in the United States by what has been called "a golden age" of capitalism; between 1946 and 1960, the nation's gross national product more than doubled.
True
For all of America's successes, by 1960 more than one in five Americans lived in poverty.
True
In the post-World War II United States, Americans' daily lives were transformed by the widespread use of televisions, air conditioning, dishwashers, long-distance telephone calls, and jet travel.
True
In the two decades following World War II, services that had generally been enjoyed only by the rich or solidly middle class in the years before the war--including central heating, indoor plumbing, and electricity--now became features of common life.
True
In 1956, for the first time in American history, white-collar workers outnumbered blue-collar factory and manual laborers.
True
During the 1950s, the farm population rose from 15 million to 23 million, while agricultural production declined by 25 percent.
False
In the 1950s, the number of houses in the United States doubled; most were built in the suburbs.
True
New York became the most prominent symbol of the postwar suburban boom; one-fifth of the population growth of the 1950s occurred there.
False
In the consumer culture of the 1950s, the measure of freedom became the ability to gratify market desires.
True
By the end of the 1950s, almost 90 percent of American families owned television sets, average daily television viewing time was five hours, and television had proven itself the most effective advertising medium ever invented.
True
In many ways, the economy and culture of the 1950s were dominated by the automobile.
True
In 1960, women earned, on average, 60 percent of the income of men.
True
During the 1950s, prominent psychologists insisted that women who were unhappy as housewives suffered from a failure to accept the "maternal instinct."
True
As part of the expansive and dynamic growth of the American economy, in the twenty years after 1950, about 7 million white Americans left cities for the suburbs, nearly 3 million blacks moved from South to North, and half a million Puerto Ricans moved to the mainland.
True
In the decades following World War II, pluralism reigned supreme and the free exercise of religion was yet another way of differentiating the American way of life from that of life under communism.
True
Government policies and expenditures played a crucial role in the postwar economic boom.
True
By the mid-1960s, 25 million Americans owned shares of stock
True
As president, Eisenhower sought to abolish Social Security and unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws and farm programs.
False
It is a myth that children in the 1950s and 1960s were trained to hide under their desks in the event of an atomic attack.
False
In the 1950s, the National Security In In In the 1950s, the National Security Council advised President Eisenhower not to use nuclear weapons in Vietnam.
False
One strand of social analysis in the 1950s asserted that Americans were psychologically and culturally discontent, lonely and anxious, and yearning not so much for freedom as for stability and authority.
True
One strand of social analysis in the 1950s criticized the monotony of modern work, the emptiness of suburban life, and the pervasive influence of advertising.
True
During the 1950s, gay men and lesbians increasingly created their own subcultures in major cities.
True
President Eisenhower hailed the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education as a positive move toward a more equal and just America; when a federal court ordered that Autherine Lucy be admitted to the University of Alabama in 1956, Eisenhower authorized the use of federal troops in her support.
False
Prior to her arrest that led to the Montgomery bus boycott, Rosa Parks had never been involved in National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) activism.
False
Orval Faubus was among the attorneys on the team hired by the NAACP to pursue the watershed case Brown v. Board of Education.
False
Note 
Flashcard (22)