HOSA CPR/First Aid Practice Test Materials

What does CPR stand for, and what is its main objective?

CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) is an emergency measure whose purpose is to preserve blood circulation and oxygenate the body when breathing stops.

What is the chain of survival in CPR?

It is a series of links in the chain of survival connecting early recognition, CPR, and defibrillation within as short a time as possible to advanced care.

Explain hand placement for chest compressions in adult CPR.

With one hand, place the heel of the palm across the upper chest below the nipple line; with the other, lock hands. Where possible, compress the chest to at least two inches and make 100-120 compressions per minute.

In adult CPR, what is the timing for giving relief breathing?

After 30 chest compressions, tilt the head back and lift the chin for a rescue breath twice, about one second each time.

What role does an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) play in CPR?

AEDs' uses an analysis of the heart's electrical activity to restore natural cardiac rhythm by subjecting a casualty in sudden death to electric shock.

What is the significance of early defibrillation in this chain?

Early defibrillation is key because it can restore a normal beat quickly and significantly improve cardiac arrest victims 'chances for survival.

When an adult is unresponsive, how do you measure responsiveness?

Tap the body and shout to see if there is a response. If there is no response, call EMS and start CPR.

What ratio of compression to ventilation is appropriate for adult CPR?

The ratio for adult CPR is 30 compressions to two rescue breaths.

Explain what «rescue breathing» means in CPR.

In rescue breathing, one is delivering breaths to the lungs. Rescue breathing tries to overcome times when normal respiration has failed us.

Explain how to correctly place the hands for chest compressions in infant CPR.

If you are performing CPR on an infant, compress the center of his chest (just beneath the nipple level) using two fingers—the index and middle fingers.

At what point should CPR efforts be called off?

If the patient responds, if professional rescuers come by and take over, or if for any reason you can't continue CPR (like it is too dangerous), then stop.

Why do we monitor the pulse during CPR?

Checking for a pulse determines the efficacy of chest compressions. Begin with chest compressions if there is no pulse and continue.

What is the correct treatment for a foreign body airway obstruction (choking) in an unconscious adult?

Use Heimlich maneuver to dislodge the obstruction. Inspect the airway, and if an object is seen, sweep it out with each finger.

How deep should chest compressions be when performing child CPR?

For child CPR, deliver 100-120 chest compressions per minute to depths of about two inches.

What does two-rescuer CPR mean? How is it used in practice?

In two-rescuer CPR, one person does chest compressions while the other gives rescue breaths. This method also helps to achieve stable CPR for a long time.

At what time should an unconscious infant be positioned in the recovery position?

If the infant does not respond and is breathing normally, place it in the recovery position.

What exactly is the role of rescue breathing in CPR?

The main function of the rescue breath is to give oxygen directly into the lungs and thereby help maintain breathing during a cardiac pause.

What are agonal gasps, and what is their importance in CPR?

Irregular agonal gasps are rare, irregular breathing sounds that arise in the early stages of cardiac arrest. Learning to recognize these gaps and act quickly when they do occur is important.

What criteria do you use to judge responsiveness in an unresponsive child?

Tap the child and yell loudly to see if he responds. If there is no reply, notify emergency medical services (EMS) and start CPR.

Why is the head-tilt and chin-lift method of CPR used?

This is the head-tilt, chin-lift technique used during CPR to open up a victim's airway, which must be clear before achieving effective rescue breath.