Quiz 2 Papers

Brush et al. 2016

• oystercatchers are a semimigratory bird speices

• diet composed primarily of oysters and other bivalves (capable of eating crabs)

Ellis et al. 2009

• top-down trophic cascade

• role of avian predators

• < 2 (almost 3)  trophic levels down

• gulls also migratory

• mesopredators decrease in population

Grabowski 2004

• mud crabs use vertical space for refuge from toadfish 

• wave buffering and substrate providing habitat 

Lenihan 1999

• infaunal substrate on oysters (worms, isopods, etc..) 

• structures wave flow, substrate, and refuge for all organisms in the habitat 

Power et al. 1996

• keystone should be used within the context of the environment

• keystone species have a disproportionate imapct relative to biomass

• response and evolution of the keystone debate by Mills et al. 1993

• names L. littorea and N. lapillus as keystone

Mills et al. 1993 

• keystone should not be used 

• did not include biomass

• different roles of keystone

Menge 1976

• wave exposure and mussel/barnacle cover

• at high wave exposure N. lapillus takes more time to feed because of dislodgement risk 

• smaller size at high wave exposure 

Lubcheno and Menge 1978

• M. edulis at exposed areas, less S. balanoides (loose competition) and less algae 

• less mobile predators at high wave exposure 

• more mobile predators in protected areas (less dislodgement)

Morello and Etter 2017

• short-term fluctuations in N. lapillus removal resulted only in short term ecosystem fluctuations and long term return 

Paine 1966

• Pisaster ochraceous 

• keystone concept 

Nisbet et al. 2000

• dynamic energy budgets

• context and life stage based analysis

• trade off between growth and reproduction

• changing food and resource density in complex environments (capture the impacts of variability on an ecosystem energy budget)

• formula with k and k-1

Sanford et al. 1994

• barnacles systematically change from active to passive suspension feeding based on food and flow environment

• in high nutrient areas barnacles can switch to active (high maintenance high reward)

Neu et al. 2025

• increased food in leads to increased digestion and maintenance costs for crab species (Carcinus maenas) 

Jian and McGaw 2022

• Starved crabs have more metabolic costs than regularly fed crabs 

• Cancer irroratus

Wendin et al. 2024

• sunbleached algae has less usable protein content due to photosynthetic apparatus degradation 

Schoenbeck and Norton 1978

• littorina littorea food preference 

• green ulva then fucoids then calcaerous (increased digestion cost) 

Brown et al. 2004

• temperature impact on kinetics (increased temp = increased metabolic activity) 

Newell and Pye 1974 

• metabolic rate increased with increased temperature due to enzymatic activity 

Lillebjerka et al. 2023

• increased temperature results in snails reaching developmental maturity faster and can trigger early spawning events due to temperature changes

Connell 1978

• IDH (intermediate disturbance)

• nonequilbirum model of climax communities

• succession and colonization-competition framework

Fox 2013a

• IDH should be abandoned

• empirically and theoretically incorrect

• box 1

• nonadditive and nonlinear dynamics

Sheil and Burslem 2013

• Focus on developing the IDH to better represent the world

• brings some validity to the IDH

• different perspective on foundational theories

Chamberlin 1965

• multiple working hypothesis

• nuance

• perspective and unbiased methodologies for research question 

Bertness 1992 

• Salt marsh succession after a disturbance 

• trait advantage and resource dyanmics (nonadditive and nonlinear) 

Johnson 2001

• Role of canopies in preventing drag forces 

• buffering capacity and creation of the flow microenvironment 

Koehl 1982 

• morphologies that cause higher or lower drag force 

• bluff body in protected area can cause more stress than slim body in high wave exposure area