Chemistry Compounds and Reactions Review

These flashcards cover key concepts of compounds, reactions, acids, bases, and various chemistry principles to prepare for the exam.

What is the difference between an ionic and molecular compound?

Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a nonmetal with transferred electrons forming ions, while molecular (covalent) compounds consist of nonmetals with shared electrons forming molecules.

What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

Ionic bond.

When do you use Roman numerals in chemical nomenclature?

For transition metals with multiple charges.

What are the prefixes for the numbers 1-10 used in molecular (covalent) compounds?

1 = Mono-, 2 = Di-, 3 = Tri-, 4 = Tetra-, 5 = Penta-, 6 = Hexa-, 7 = Hepta-, 8 = Octa-, 9 = Nona-, 10 = Deca-.

What is the method used to determine the formula for ionic compounds?

The swap and drop method: Write the charges of the ions and crisscross them to get the subscripts.

What is the property of ionic compounds compared to molecular compounds regarding melting point?

Ionic compounds generally have a high melting point, whereas molecular compounds have a low melting point.

What are the diatomic molecules?

H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂.

What does a skeletal equation represent?

It replaces the names of substances with their chemical formulas without balancing.

What are the five types of chemical reactions?

Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, and Combustion.

What ions do acids release in solution?

H⁺ (hydrogen ion, also called a proton).

How do you name binary acids?

Name as "Hydro-" + root of the nonmetal + "-ic acid" (e.g., HCl = Hydrochloric acid).

What is the range of the pH scale for acidic, neutral, and basic solutions?

Acidic: pH 0-6, Neutral: pH 7, Basic: pH 8-14.

What is neutralization in terms of acid and base reactions?

Acid + Base → Salt + Water.

What is an indicator in chemistry?

Substances that change color depending on the pH of a solution.

What happens when an oxygen test is performed using a glowing splint?

The glowing splint relights.

What is the difference between atoms and ions?

Atoms are neutral with equal protons and electrons, while ions are charged due to gained or lost electrons.

What are some signs of a chemical change?

Color change, gas production, precipitate formation, temperature change, and light production.