Facial Markings and Proportions in Restorative Art

Heredity

your genes help determine what you look like.

Factors responsible age

determines your look all your life

environmental factors

determines facial markings

Extreme facial muscle hypertrophy or atrophy

determines facial markings

we also have obvious conditions that effect facial markings

Trauma, Emaciation, cancer, corpulence

Furrow

A crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations.

Sulcus

A furrow, wrinkle, or groove.

Fold

An elongated prominence adjoining a surface.

Extreme facial muscle hypertrophy or atrophy

Determines facial markings.

Environmental factors

Can affect facial markings, such as sun exposure.

Effect of gravity and muscle sagging

Can make a difference in facial markings.

Position at death

Can influence facial markings.

PHILTRUM

is the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip. Runs between the columna nasi and the margin of the red lip.

NASIOLABIAL FOLD

is the eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth. It extends from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth.

NASAL SULCUS

is the angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold.

OBLIQUE PALPEBRAL SULCUS

is the shallow, curving groove below the medial corner of the eyelids, moving laterally downward.

ANGULUS ORIS EMINENCE

is the small convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth.

ANGULUS ORIS SULCIJS

is the groove found at each end of the line of closure of the mouth.

LABIOMENTAL SULCUS

is the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin, which may appear as a furrow.

SUBMENTAL SULCUS

is the junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrow.

DIMPLES

are shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin in a rounded or vertical form.

NASIOLABIAL SULCUS

is the furrow originating at the superior boarder of the wing of the nose and extending to the side of the mouth

TRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCI

are the furrows which cross the forehead caused by the action of the occipitofrontalis muscle

INTERCILJARY SULCI

are the vertical or transverse furrows between the eyebrows.

OPTIC FACIAL SULCI

are the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye. Also known as crows feet

SUPERIOR PALPEBRAL SULCUS

is the furrow of the superior boarder of the upper eyelid.

INFERIOR PALPEBRAL SULCUS

is the furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebra.

BUCCO-FACIAL SULCUS

is the vertical furrow of the cheek.

MANDIBULAR SULCUS

is the furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek.

LABIAL SULCJ

These are the vertical furrows of each lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips.

PLATYSMAL SULCI

is the transverse, dipping furrow of the neck.

CORDS OF THE NECK

vertical prominences of the neck, may be long or short

Markings Consists of eleven markings that developed

throughout life

as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles