Dental 4

-algia

pain; e.g: neuralgia (nerve pain)

anti-

against; e.g: antidote (against poison)

aqu-, aqua-

water; e.g: aqueous (watery)

arthro-, arth-

joints; e.g: arthritis (joint inflammation)

auto-, aut

self; e.g: automatic (self acting)

bi-

two, twice, double; e.g: bifurcation (area of root separation on a tooth with two roots)

bio-, bi-

life, living; e.g: biopsy (the surgical removal of living tissue in order to determine an exact diagnosis)

-blast

formative cell; e.g: osteoblast (bone forming cell)

brady-

slow; e.g: bradycardia (slow heart beat)

bucc-

cheek; e.g: buccal ( surface of a tooth next to the cheek)

calc-

stone, calcium, lime; e.g: calcification

cardio-, cardi-

heart; e.g: cardiovascular

cephalo-, cephal-

head; e.g: cephalopathy (any disease in the head)

cerebro-, cerebr-

referring to the cerebrum, the brain area containing the higher brain centres; e.g: cerebral palsy

cheilo-, cheil-

lip; e.g: cheilitis (inflammation of the lips)

chromo-, chromat-

colour, pigmentation; e.g: chromogen (a substance which produces colour)

-cidal

killing; e.g: bactericidal (killing bacteria)

-clast

break up, divide into parts; e.g: osteoclasts (cells which break up for cause resorption of bone)

-clus

shut; e.g: occlusion

co-, com-, con-, cor-

with, together; e.g: congenital (with the genes)

contra-

opposite; e.g: contraangle

cuti-

skin; e.g: cuticle

cyan-

blue; e.g: cyanosis (bluish colour to the skin)

-cyto, -cyte

cell; e.g: leukocyte (white blood cells)

denti-, dent-

tooth; e.g: dentition

-derm-, derma-

skin; e.g: hypodermic (under the skin)

di-

twice, two; e.g: diplopia (seeing double)

disto-, dist-

posterior, distant from centre; e.g: distobuccal

-drome

course or group; e.g: syndrome (a group of symptoms and signs which, when appearing simultaneously, form a definite pattern of a specific condition, disease or abnormality)

dur-

hard; e.g: induration (thickening or hardening, such as might be felt about the edges of an inflamed wound.)

dys-

bad, ill, difficult; Muscular Dystrophy

ecto-, ect

without, outer side; e.g: ectogenous (said of bacteria which are able to grow outside of their natural hosts)

-ectomy

surgical removal; e.g: gingivectomy (surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue)

-emia, (-aemia)

blood conditions; e.g: bacteremia (bacteria in the blood stream)

endo-

inside; e.g: endodontics

erytho-, eryth-

red; e.g: erythocyte (red blood cell)

ex-

beyond, from, out of; e.g: exudate (inflammatory fluid (pus, serum, etc.) which flows from the tissues in the vicinity of an infection)

extra-

outside of, beyond the scope of; e.g: extracellular (outside of a cell)

faci-

face; e.g: facial (surface of a tooth which is toward the face)

fibro-, fibr-

fibres, fibrous tissue; e.g: fibroblast (cells which form fibrous and scar tissue)

fract-

break; e.g: fracture

gastro-, gastr-

stomach; e.g: gastritis (inflammation of the stomach)

gero-

old age; e.g: gerodontics (dentistry for the elderly)

glosso-, gloss-

tongue; e.g: glossitis (inflammation of the tongue)

gnatho-, gnath-

jaw; e.g: gnathological surgery (surgery on the jaws)

-gnosis

knowledge; e.g: diagnosis (knowledge required to discover the nature of a patient's disease and the underlying cause.)

hemi-

half; e.g: hemisection

hemo-, (haemo-)

blood; e.g: hemorrhage (escape of blood from blood vessels)

hydro-, hydr-

water; e.g: hydrocolloid (a method of impression taking which involves water as a coolant)

hyper-

abnormal, excessive; e.g: hyperplasia (overgrowth of a tissue or organ)

hypo-, hyp-

deficiency, lack, below; e.g: hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

infra-

beneath, below, under; e.g: infraorbital (below the orbit floor of the eye)

inter-

between, among; e.g: intercellular tissue (tissue between cells)

intra-

within, into; e.g: intraoral (within the oral cavity (mouth))

-ist

one who practices, holds certain principles; e.g: hygienist

-itis

inflammation; e.g: gingivitis (inflammation of the gingival tissue)

labio-

lip; e.g: labioversion (an altered position of a tooth toward the lip)

leuko-, leuk-

white; e.g: leukoplakia (white patch)

linguo-, lingu-

tongue; e.g: lingual (surface of a tooth which faces the tongue)

lipo-, lip-

fat, fatty; e.g: lipoma ( a non-malignant fatty tumor)

-logy

doctrine, science; e.g: periodontology (the clinical science that deals with the periodontium (supporting structures of the teeth) in health and disease)

lympho-, lymph-

lymph; e.g: lymphatics (the vessels or channels which carry lymph)

macro-, macr-

enlargement, elongated part; e.g: macroglossia (enlargement of the tongue)

mal-

bad, ill; e.g: malnutrition (bad or improper nutrition)

mes-, medi-, mesio

middle, intermediate; e.g: mesial (the proximal surface of a tooth which is toward the midline)

micro-, micr-

small; e.g: microorganisms (bacteria and viruses which are so small they can usually only be seen with a microscope)

mono-

one, single; e.g: monocyte (a type of white blood cell having one round shaped nucleus (central portion))

muco-, muc-

relating to mucous membrane; e.g: mucogingival junction (area where the mucous membrane and gingiva meet)

myo-, my-

muscle; e.g: myocardium (muscle of the heart)

naso-

nose; nasopalatine (referring to the nose and the palate)

necr-

death; e.g: necrosis (death of tissue)

neo-, ne-

new, recent; e.g: neoplasm (new or recent tumour or growth)

neuro-, neuri, neur-

pertaining to nerves; neuralgia (pain along the route of a nerve)

nucleo-, nucl-

pertaining to the nucleus; e.g: nucleoprotein (protein found in the nucleus of a cell)

-odonto, -odont-

tooth; e.g: anodontia (congenital absence of teeth)

-oma

swelling, tumour; fibroma (a non-malignant tumour of fibrous tissue)

oro-

mouth, oral; e.g: oronasal (pertaining to the mouth and nose)

ortho-, orth-

straight, normal; e.g: orthodontics (that branch of dentistry concerned with the straightening of teeth and the correction of improper bites)

-osis

condition, state; e.g: periodontosis (degenerative condition of the peridontal structures which support the teeth)

osteo-, osta-

bone; e.g: osteology (the study of bones)

patho-, path-

disease; e.g: pathology

pedia-, pedo-, (paedo-)

child; e.g: pedodontics (that dental specialty dealing with the dental problems of children)

per-

throughout, completely; e.g: perennial (lasting throughout the year or for several years)

peri-

around, near; e.g: periapical (the area around the apex of a tooth)

phago-

to eat; e.g: phagocyte (a body cell which can each or destroy foreign matter or bacteria)

-phile, -phil

loving; e.g: hydrophilia (water loving)

phlebo-, phleb-

vein; e.g: phlebitis (inflammation of a vein)

-phobe, -phobia

fear, dread; e.g: claustrophobia (morbid fear of confined or closed in spaces)

-plas-

mould, shape; e.g: gingioplasty (reshaping or recontouring of gingival tissue)

pneuno-

air, lung; pneumonia

poly-

many, much, excessive; e.g: polyarthritis (inflammation of several (many) joints)

pont-

bridge; e.g: pontic (suspended member in a fixed bridge, replacing a lost tooth)

post-

behind, after; posterior

pre-

before, in front of; e.g: premedication (giving drugs prior to surgery)

pro-

before, in front of; prognathism (having a jaw which juts forward (in front of) the normal position)

pseudo-

false, deceptive; e.g: pseudopocket (a false periodontal pocket which is not caused by a loss of supporting structure but by an inflammation of surrounding gingival tissue)

psycho-, psych-

mind, mental processes; e.g: psychology (the study of the mind and its functions)

pulmo-

lung; e.g: pulmonary

pur-, pyo-

pus; e.g: \#1 purulent (containing pus)

e.g: \#2 pyorrhea (an inflammation of the gums about the teeth with pus formation)