CH1 AbPsych

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typically expected or culturally expected.

DSM 5

according to this a psychological disorder is Behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION

A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

Distress

The behavior must be associated with distress to be classified as a disorder. • The criterion is satisfied if the individual is extremely upset.

Impairment

If you are so shy that you find it impossible to date or even interact with people and you make every attempt to avoid interactions even though you would like to have friends.

ATYPICAL OR NOT CULTURALLY EXPECTED

Behavior that it deviates from the average or violating social norms

Psychopathology

The scientific study of psychological disorders.

Counseling Psychologists

Tend to study and treat adjustment and vocational issues encountered by relatively healthy individuals.

Clinical Psychologists

Concentrate on more severe psychological disorders.

Psy.D.

Focus on clinical training and de-emphasize or eliminate research training

Ph.D.

Integrate clinical and research training.

Psychiatrists

First earn an M.D. degree in medical school and then specialize in psychiatry during residency training that lasts 3 to 4 years.

Psychiatric Social Workers

Earn a master’s degree in social work as they develop expertise in collecting information relevant to the social and family situation of the individual with a psychological disorder.

Psychiatric Nurses

Have advanced degrees (master’s or Ph.D.) and specialize in the care and treatment of patients with psychological disorders, usually in hospitals as part of a treatment team.

Marriage and Family Therapists and Mental Health Counselors

Spend 1 to 2 years earning a master’s degree and are employed to provide clinical services by hospitals or clinics, usually under the supervision of a doctoral-level clinician.

Presenting Problem

Patient “presents” with a specific problem or set of problems.

Presents

Traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person came to the clinic.

Prevalence

How many people in the population as a whole have the disorder.

Incidence

How many new cases occur during a given period.

Chronic Course

Tend to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime.

Episodic Course

The individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.

Time-Limited Course

The disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of recurrence.

Acute Onset

Begin suddenly.

Insidious Onset

Develop gradually over an extended period.

Prognosis

The anticipated course of a disorder

Developmental Psychology

Study of changes in behavior over time.

Developmental Psychopathology

Study of changes in abnormal behavior.

Life-Span Developmental Psychopathology

Study of abnormal behavior across the entire age span

Etiology

The study of origins and has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it) and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

defense mechanisms

unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflicts in check so that the ego can continue its coordinating function.

Anna Freud

Although Freud first conceptualized defense mechanisms, it was his daughter, ___, who developed the ideas more fully.

adaptive and maladaptive

We all use defense mechanisms at times—they are sometimes and at other times ___

Phobic and obsessive

. ____ symptoms are especially common self-defeating defensive reactions that, according to Freud, reflect an inadequate attempt to deal with an internally dangerous situation.

neuroses, or neurotic disorders

In Freud’s view, all nonpsychotic psychological disorders resulted from underlying unconscious conflicts, the anxiety that resulted from those conflicts, and the implementation of ego defense mechanisms. Freud called such disorders ___, from an old term referring to disorders of the nervous system

therapeutic alliance

The relationship of the therapist and the patient, called the__, is an important area of study across most therapeutic strategies.

behavioral model

The ___, which is also known as the cognitive-behavioral model or social learning model, brought the systematic development of a more scientific approach to psychological aspects of psychopathology