spermatogenesis and transport

do males have a surge center?

no, just tonic

(male) what does LH stimulate production of? Where does this product go?

leydig produces testosterone, to circulation or sertoli

(male) what does FSH stimulate production of? what does this product bind with?

sertoli produces e2 and inhibin, androgen binding protein

why is the time between FSH peaks longer than GnRH?

constant - feedback from sertoli inhibin

3 stages in spermatogenesis

proliferative, meiosis, differentiation

formation of new spermatozoa

spermatogenesis

new sperm created in proliferative (mitosis) phase

spermatocytogenesis

change from round spermatid to spermatozoa

spermiogenesis

5 stages of sperm development

spermatogonium, primary/secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa

death of sperm cells due to natural process or trauma

apoptosis

what ensures spermatogenesis process will be ongoing?

stem cell renewal (A goes back after mitosis)

4 phases of spermiogenesis

golgi, cap, acrosomal, maturation

microtubules that pull and elongate sperm during acrosomal stage of spermiogenesis

manchette

sperm released from sertoli cell

spermiation

how long before a deleterious event shows up in ejaculated sperm?

2-4 weeks

how long after a deleterious event until normal sperm is restored?

6-12 weeks

how many stages are in a cycle?

8

how many cycles does a sperm go through to become a spermatozoa?

4.5

how many days does a cycle last in a bull?

13.5

how many days from beginning of process to sperm release?

60

what does the concept of spermatogenic waves mean?

some part of tubule always releasing sperm

do all cycles last the same amount of time?

no

which phase is a deleterious event worse for?

proliferative (mitosis)

what do golgi bodies make during spermiogenesis? what do these become?

proacrosomic granules, become acrosomic vescles

why do we need tight junctions creating a blood/testis barrier?

immune cells attack mitosis sperm

which sperm types are in the basal compartment (mitosis)?

spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes

which sperm are in the adluminal compartment (meiosis)?

primary/secondary spermatocytes, spermatids

what are sertoli cells crucial for regulating?

meiosis

5 structures in the pathway of the sperm

seminiferous tubules, rete tubules, vas efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens

whic hormone causes the vas deferens to contract?

oxytocin

5 functions of the epididymis

maturation, concentration, secretion, transport, storage

what is secreted into the sperm mixture in the epididymis?

energy sources, glycoproteins/lipids/enzymes membrane changes

which species are short ejaculators?

bull, ram

which species is a moderate ejaculator?

stallion

which species is a long ejaculator?

boar

which are the 3 fractions in moderate/long ejaculators?

sperm free, sperm rich, gel

what exactly is in semen?

water, sperm, proteins, inorganic salts, substrates (fructose, inositol, GPC)