Communicable diseases and STDs

how to control the spread of infection with indirect transmission

chlorination of water supplies, effective sewage treatment facilities, standard for handling, manufacturing, and distributing commercially prepared foods, eradication and/or control of animal source and vectors

the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV

the viral reverse transcriptase uses the viral RNA to synthesize DNA strand and then uses the strand to create a double helix. The viral DNA moves to the cell nucleus were it integrates the cell DNA forming a provirus

Syphilis

can cause damage to almost any organ in the body. 3 stages; primary- penetrates mucous membranes of genital tract, oral cavity, retinal mucoas or skin. secondary- infection with skin rash and enlarged lymph nodes. tertiary- late destructive lesions in internal organs  

Gonorrhea 

infects mucosal surfaces 

Herpes

Type 1- infects oral mucous membrane Type 2- infect genital tract, may be asymptomatic 

chlamydia

most common reported STD, many infections are asymptomatic and detection is a result of a routine screening

what type of virus is HIV

retrovirus. used RNA as genetic material, replicated converting RNA to DNA

Early stage clinical manifestations of HIV

large amounts of virus detected in blood and body fluids, large numbers of lymphocytes and lymph nodes, mild febrile illness, asymptomatic

Late stage clinical manifestations of HIV

lymph node enlargement, fever, weakness, chronic fatigue, weight loss, thrombocytopenia 

Treatment of HIV

there is no cure for aids, goal is to maximally inhibit HIV viral replication with fewer adverse reaction