Unit 0: Key Concepts in Chinese History and Governance

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to Chinese history, governance, and cultural beliefs.

What does the term 'Mandate of Heaven' refer to in Chinese governance?

The divine right given to rulers to govern, signifying that their authority is sanctioned by a higher power.

What river is known as the 'Yellow River' in China and why?

The Huang He River is called the Yellow River due to the loess silt that gives its waters a muddy color.

What is Confucianism?

A philosophical structure for government emphasizing relationships, ethics, and the importance of family, created by Confucius.

What are the 'Five Relationships' in Confucianism?

A set of five key relationships that guide social interaction and hierarchy: ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, elder brother-younger brother, and friend-friend.

What is the significance of civil service examinations in Chinese history?

Qualification tests focused on Confucian ideals that allowed commoners to enter bureaucratic service, reducing the power of hereditary aristocracy.

What is ethnocentrism?

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others, leading to viewing non-Chinese people as 'barbarians.'