Mid-Unit Quiz #4

Imperialism

Imperialism is when a country expands its influence through force or diplomacy. Three main reasons for it are economic motives (resource exploitation and new markets), political motives (power and prestige), and strategic motives (geopolitical advantages).

Anglo-Saxonism

Promotes cultural dominance of Anglo-Saxon heritage, linked to justifying colonial expansion by English-speaking nations.

Captain Alfred T. Mahan

Influence: Advocated for naval power, influenced the U.S. to build a strong navy for global influence.

Spanish-American War:

• Territories: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines.

• Cause: Sinking of the USS Maine (officially uncertain, but used as a pretext).

Countries Involved in the Spanish American War:

U.S. and Spain.

Dates (war declarations/surrenders):

War declared in 1898, ended with the Treaty of Paris in December 1898

USS Maine

• Significance: Its sinking in Havana Harbor heightened tensions, used to justify the Spanish-American War.

• Date of Accident: February 15, 1898.

William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer:

• Yellow Journalism: Sensationalized reporting to attract readers.

• Part in the War: Helped shape public opinion, contributing to war sentiment.

Jose Marti:

Cuban patriot who led the fight for Cuba's independence

Emilio Aguinaldo:

Filipino leader who fought for independence against Spanish and later, American rule.

Battle of Manila Bay:

U.S. naval victory in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War.

Battle of San Juan Hill:

Land battle in Cuba, notable for Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders.

Annexation of Hawaii:

• Dates: Annexed in 1898.

• Reasons: Economic interests, strategic location.

Hawaiian Alliance:

Treaty allowing the U.S. exclusive use of Pearl Harbor.

Reasons for Overthrow:

Economic interests, influence of American planters.

Hawaiian Monarchs:

Queen Liliuokalani, King Kalakaua.

Annexation of Alaska:

• Acquisition: Purchased from Russia in 1867.

• Benefit: Added valuable natural resources.

Platt Amendment:

Outlined conditions for U.S. withdrawal from Cuba, ensuring American influence.

Open Door Policy:

Proposed equal trade access to China for all nations.

Roosevelt Corollary:

Stated the U.S. would intervene in Latin America to prevent European intervention.

Dollar Diplomacy:

U.S. policy of using economic influence to promote political stability.

Panama Canal:

Built to shorten maritime routes, completed in 1914.

Boxer Rebellion:

• Chinese uprising against foreign influence, suppressed by international forces.