Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements

Flashcards covering SI units, metric prefixes, significant figures, calculations with significant figures, conversion factors, dimensional analysis, density, specific gravity, and water displacement from Chapter 2: Chemistry and Measurements.

The International System of Units (SI) is related to the metric system and is based on _ base units.

six

The SI unit that represents volume is __.

m³

When converting 12 minutes into acceptable SI units, the result is in __.

seconds (s)

Metric Prefixes are modifiers that are multiples of _.

10

When a given value has a metric prefix, the first step is to convert it to the ___ unit.

base

When using metric prefix multipliers, always place the coefficient _ on the side with the metric prefix.

1

After converting to the base unit, if necessary, convert the ___ unit to a new metric prefix.

base

A value or integer obtained from __ objects or as part of a definition is known as an Exact Number.

counting

An inexact Number is a value obtained from _ or measurements that contains some uncertainty.

estimation

Significant Figures are the numbers that contribute to the _ associated with any value.

precision/certainty

For a number with a decimal point, when determining significant figures, you move from to .

left to right

For a number with NO decimal point, when determining significant figures, you move from to .

right to left

For an exact number, there are an number of significant figures.

infinite

The more significant figures in a measurement then the more ___ it is.

precise

When taking a measurement, you must include all of the known numbers plus an additional place.

estimated

When either multiplying or dividing different numbers, the final answer will contain the least _.

number of significant figures

When either adding or subtracting different numbers, the final answer will contain the least _.

number of decimal places

PEMDAS stands for , , _, & _____.

Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction

A Conversion Factor is a ratio or fraction that ties together _ different units.

two

A Given Amount is a value containing only _ unit.

one

Dimensional Analysis is a fail-proof process that allows you to convert from one unit to another by designing problems to with your given amount, and to _ with the end amount of your unknown.

start, end

Density represents the amount of ___ per unit of ______.

mass, volume

For solids and liquids, density units are typically in _ or _.

g/mL, g/cm³

Since gases are less dense, their density units are typically in _ or _.

g/L, mg/mL (or other appropriate mass/volume units)

Specific gravity represents the density of a divided by the density of at the same temperature.

substance, water

Since the units cancel out, specific gravity is ____.

unitless/dimensionless

The specific gravity formula is Density of ___ (g/mL) divided by Density of ___ (g/mL).

substance, water

Water displacement can be used to determine the volume of _ objects.

non-geometric