Overview of Communication Disorders and Differences

Communication

Exchange of meaning between sender and receiver.

speech

sounds we produce that represent words phrases and sentences

language

a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another

Hearing

Perception of sounds in communication.

Person-First Language

the communication disorder is a descriptor of the individual and not a persons primary attribute

ex: Child with language disorder vs language- disordered child

congenital vs acquired communication disorder ( def and ex)

- congenital: present at birth (ex: cerebral palsy)

- acquired: occur after communication abilities are developed (ex: dementia)

congenital/ development communication disorder

communication disorder that is present at birth ex: cerebral palsy)

acquired communication disorder

occur after communication abilities are developed (ex; dementia)

organic vs functional communication disorder

- organic: physical cause for disorder (ex; cleft palate)

- functional: organic cause cannot be established (ex: developmental delay in development of speech sounds

organic comm disorder

organic: physical cause for disorder (ex; cleft palate)

functional comm disorder

functional: organic cause cannot be established (ex: developmental delay in development of speech sounds

# articulation disorders

difficulty producing speech sounds and speech sound sequences

# phonological disorders

impairments in the ability to distinguish specific phonemes

# fluency disorder

voice disorders

disorders reflected in speech that is hoarse, harsh, too loud, too high-pitched, or too low-pitched

language delay (language disorder)

late talkers

developmental language disorder

a condition involving poor language skills that appears during childhood

acquired language disorder

language disorder that occurs after birth. usually in adults. (ex: TBI, dementia, aphasia)

types of hearing loss

- conductive: sound cannot pass through outer and middle ear

- sensorineural: dysfunctional in cochlea or eighth cranial nerve (cant transform sound waves into signals for brain to process)

speech scientists

Conduct research: investigate anatomical physiological, perceptual factors underlying communication and has Knowledge of basic processes of speech, language, and hearing underlies our understanding of disability

what impairments are seen by a speech-language pathologist

speech, language, swallowing, dysphagia

what impairments are seen by a audiologist

Study, assess, and treat individuals with hearing impairments and balance issues

what's the difference between a ASHA certificate and a state licensure

- ASHA: Requires MA/MS degree or AuD, supervised clinical experience, national exam, and continuing education

- state licensure: Varies by state and education is the same as certification

What are phonemes?

basic speech sounds

what are minimal pairs

differing phonemes in a word which changes meaning

manner of sound

The amount and type (oral vs. nasal) of constriction during the production of phonemes.

place of sound

the place of constriction during the production of phonemes

voicing of sound

whether vocal folds vibrate to create voicing or not

What are syllables?

basic unit of speech production that must contain a vowel

what are prosody

the patterns of stress and intonation in a language (pitch, loudness, duration)

what is the difference between content, form and use when looking at language

- content: meaning

- Form: structure

- use: goals of language one uses during communication exchange with another

what are the five components of language development

semantics, syntax, phonology, morphology, pragmatics

morphology

smallest grammatical unit of meaning

syntax (grammar)

linguistic organization of words in phrases/sentences

Semantics (vocabulary)

linguistic representation of objects, ideas, feeling, and events as well as relationships among these

phonology

the study of speech sounds in language

pragmatics

sociolinguistic "rules" that govern interaction with others

how do each of the 5 components of lang break down into content, form, and use

- content: semantics

- Form: phonology, morphology, and syntax

- use: pragmatics