cw prt 3: theoretical formulation

Who is associated with the first theoretical formulation of Social Case Work?

Mary Richmond, with her book "Social Diagnosis" (1917).

What are the four stages of casework development?

Exploratory/disciplinary, Sociological, Psychological, Synthetic/Integrated.

What was the time period of the Exploratory Stage?

Upto 1900.

Which movement marked the Exploratory Stage in the USA?

The Charity Organization Society (COS) Movement, established in 1877.

Who founded the first Charity Organization Society in the USA?

Josephine Shaw Lowell.

What was the name of the first COS in the USA?

New York Charity Organization Society.

What were the main objectives of the COS?

(1) To find ways to help the poor and needy, (2) To organize individualized services geared to their purpose.

Who were “friendly visitors” in the COS movement?

Volunteers who visited the homes of the poor to assess needs, guide, and advise them.

Who supplemented friendly visitors in COS?

Paid agents, who developed systematic procedures for casework.

What did paid agents do in early casework?

Collected data about individuals/families, assessed needs, provided help, and kept detailed records.

What did the collective experience of friendly visitors, agents, and social scientists achieve?

It broadened the understanding of human services and poverty.

What terms replaced “paid agents” and “the poor” in the evolution of casework?

“Case worker” replaced paid agent; “Client” replaced the poor.

What did help-giving organizations come to be known as?

Agencies.

Who coined the term "social workers," and when?

Educator Simon N. Patten, in 1900.

To whom did Simon N. Patten apply the term "social workers"?

Friendly visitors and settlement house residents.

When did Stage II (Sociological Stage) of casework begin?

1901.

What did Mary Richmond present in 1901?

A chart on environmental forces influencing the family, stressing analysis of the social situation before help.

What was the first book on casework and when was it published?

"Social Diagnosis" by Mary Richmond, published in 1917.

Which of Mary Richmond’s later books further explained casework?

“What is Social Case Work?” (1922).

What marked the beginning of caseworker training?

A summer course program.

How did caseworker training evolve after summer courses?

Schools of social work attached to agencies were established and later recognized by universities.

What historical event influenced Stage III (Psychosocial Stage)?

World War I.

Which psychological theory strongly influenced casework in the 1920s?

Freudian psychology.

What was casework called during the Psychosocial Stage?

Psychodynamic Case Work.

Name key contributors to casework in the Psychosocial Stage.

Towle, Bibring, Turner, Austin, Baudler, Florence Hollis, Samalley, Jarrett.

Who wrote “A Changing Psychology in Social Case Work”?

Ms. Robinson.

Who wrote “A Functional Approach to Family Case Work”?

Taft.

What was the purpose of the Milford Conference (1925)?

To define the nature of generic social work.

Who chaired the Milford Conference committee?

Porter Lee.

What recommendations came from the Porter Lee committee?

(1) Norms are essential in casework, (2) Social history of client is significant, (3) Purpose is to help individuals organize normal social activities.

What was the impact of the Milford Conference Report (1929)?

It spurred the publication of many books on social work theory and practice.

Name important publications after the Milford Report.

(1) Lowry’s "Readings in Social Case Work" (1929), (2) Halls’ "Social Case Work Practice" (1939), (3) Gordon Hamilton’s "Theory and Practice of Social Case Work" (1940).

What were key contributions to casework philosophy in Stage III (Psychosocial Stage)?

1) Interest in causes of human distress from social or physical environment, 2) Focus on family as the key social unit, 3) Development of methodology for social diagnosis, 4) Belief that people adjust if environment is favorable, 5) Consideration of social environment’s effect on personality, 6) Value of friendly contact on personality.

When did the Synthetic/Integration Stage begin?

1930s.

What historical event influenced the Synthetic Stage?

The Economic Depression.

How did the Economic Depression affect casework?

Case workers had to consider economic factors causing distress, leading to economic and public assistance programs, allowing more focus on interpersonal problems.

What development in the 1940s influenced casework?

Formulation of Ego Psychology, based on observations of human coping and adaptation during stress.

What sociological concepts were incorporated into casework in the 1950s–1960s?

Social Role, Social System, Social Class, and their applicability to casework.

How did focus shift in the Synthetic/Integration Stage?

From the self of the individual to continuous interaction with others in social settings and environment.

Why is the family considered important in casework philosophy?

It is the social unit having maximum importance in human adju