Science 7th Grade S2 Chapter 9: Minerals and Ores

naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid that has a definite chemical composition

minerals

what a mineral is NOT?

man made, organic, gases or liquids, substance lacking crystalline structure

a rock containing one or more materials

ore

pure substances

compound mineral

native minerals

elements

what is the first step to minerology?

get samples

what is the second step to minerology?

do tests on the samples

what is the third step to minerology?

identifying, classifying, and analyzing

when doing tests on samples, what specifically do you do?

identify physical and chemical properties

someone who identifies, classifies, and analyzes minerals

mineralogists

what are the physical properties/different ways to classify minerals?

color, streak, luster, cleavage and fracture, hardness, shape, growth, specific gravity,

many minerals have the same?

color

what happens when some minerals are exposed to air?

changes color

what can change the color of a mineral?

impurities

streak is accomplished by what?

streak test using a streak plate

do all minerals produce a streak?

no

amount and quality of the light that a mineral reflects from its surface

luster

what is a crystal's shape and growth based and formed on?

arrangement of atoms in the mineral; formed through accretion

faces of a mineral

facets

cleavage and fracture

how a mineral breaks

flat sheets or along certain planes, creating new facets

cleavage

what can a cleavage be?

perfect, good, fair, poor, or none

what do you use to measure hardness?

Mohs scale

what does a Mohs scale range from?

1 (very soft, talc) to 10 (very hard, diamond)

hardness of a mineral is (simple, hard, difficult) to test

simple

what do the numbers on the scale, (Mohs scale) only show?

relative hardness

ratio of the item's density to the density of water at 4 degrees Celsius

specific gravity

how can specific gravity be estimated?

handling a sample

what are the 3 tests to find special properties?

flame test, acid test, and magnetism

why can’t we identify minerals by color?

color can change, many minerals have the same color

tests that include rubbing

streak test

layering of minerals; rock candy

accretion

how many degrees are in specific gravity?

4 degrees Celsius

what tests uses fire?

flame test