Biology Fall Final Study Guide

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Monomer

made of small molecules

Polymer

small molecules in long chains

Poly

many

Mono

one

Carbohydrate Monomer

Saccharide/Glucose

Carbohydrate Polymer

Polysaccharide/Glycogen

Lipids Monomer

Fatty Acids

Lipids Polymer

triglycerides

Ex. of Lipids

Fats

Ex. of Carbs

Bread

Ex. of Proteins

muscle

Ex. of Nucleic Acid DNA

Protein Monomer

Amino Acid

Protein Polymer

Polypeptide

Nucleic Acids Monomer

Nucleotides

Nucleic Acids Polymer

DNA/RNA

Function of Glycogen

help regulate blood

Function of Lipid

store energy, cell protection, waterproofing

Function of Protein

cells work to maintain life

Function of Nucleic Acid

Instruction for making proteins

Characteristics of Life

Reproduction, Growth, Response to stimuli, Homeostasis, Metabolism, Cellular Organization, Adaptation, Evolutionary History

Photosynthesis Equation

6CO^2 + 6H^2O + light energy = C^6H^12O^6 + 6O^2

Cellular Respiration

C^6H^12O^2 + 6O^2 = 6CO^2 + 6H^2O + ATP

Niche Partitioning

Animals eat different types or parts of plants, so all animals can have food.

Gel Electrophoresis DNA

Negative

Gel Electrophoresis Electrodes

Propel and Attract the DNA

Gel Electrophoresis Gel

Substance that the DNA gets stuck in.

Gel Electrophoresis Wells

To hold the DNA

Gel Electrohporesis

To compare different DNAs in order to find matches.

Nitrogen Cycle

The way nitrogen passes through an ecosystem

Abiotic Fixation

Lightning Strike, fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere to a solid in a form plants can use

Biological Fixation

Bacteria in the roots of plants fix nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil in a form plants can use(bacteria is not part of the plant)

Animal Fixation

Animal waste contains nitrogen compounds that combine with soil

Denitrification

Nitrogen in the soil is converted by bacteria and released into the atmosphere

Uptake by Plants

Collect nitrogen from the soil

Uptake by Animals

Get nitrogen from consuming plants

energy % lost energy pyramid

(energy) x .1

Primary Succession

Barren rock/ no soil

Secondary Succession

Forest Fire, with soil

Protein Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

Carbohydrate Structure

Lipid Structure

Enzymes

Protein Catalyst

DNA Fingerprinting

identifying living organisms at the molecular level.

PCR

(Polymerase Chain Reaction)Copy or duplicate DNA strands

Prophase

Chromosomes start to condense

Metaphase

Spindle fibers from the center

Anaphase

Chromosomes break, and sister chromotids move to opposite sides of the cell.

Telaphase

2 nuclei

Autotroph

Organism that makes their own food.

Mitosis

division of the Nucleus

Carrying Capacity

The maximum amount of organisms in a population.

Birth Rate

Amount of organism born in a year per 1000 individuals.

Density Dependent Limiting Factors

Has to do with the density of a population.

Density Independent Limiting Factors

Does not have to do with the density of a popualtion.

S curve

logistic growth

J curve

Exponential Growth

R-strategy

Lots of babies, not much parenting

K-strategy

Generally 1 at a time, a lot of parenting