Practice Quiz NaCl and SFB

lung epithelial cell enzyme/receptor to which Covid binds, but more fundamentally leads to ATII induction of hypertension and increased K+ excretion

ACE

The single highest identified dietary factor for contributing to disease and early death in global populations is ingestion of high levels of \____

NaCl

ATII binding to its receptor activates Ca++ release directly in response to \____.

IP3 (inositol trisphosphate)

dietary osmotic stressor

NaCl

agent that rises in concentration in response to norepinephrine action on juxtaglomerular cells to activate renin secretion

cAMP

facilitates diffusion of ions into the macula densa cell from nephron filtrate

NKCC

Ca++ activates \____ to produce superoxide which lowers NO levels within VSCMs and lymphocytes

NOX

\_____ homozygote knock-out mice are reduced for AT-II induced hypertension due to the absence of T cells

RAG1

Treg cells are distinguished by their high levels of \____ production intracellularly which also depends on superoxide production

FoxP3

AT-II induced T cell infiltration into the VSMC layer of the vasculature requires the presence of \____ (secretion product)

IL-17

macula densa product that acts to disinhibit renin secretion by participating in the gluthionylation of SERCA

NO

The specific transcription factor at which SGK1 enables IL-23R expression is \____.

RORgamma

A highly expressed protein in response to high salt diet in TH-17 cells is \____.

SGK1

A ligand for RORgamma that activates transcription of IL-23R is \_____.

25-OH cholesterol

the inhibitory ligand of RORgamma causes the proliferation of \_____ which correlates with lower levels of TH-17 cells.

Treg

Gavage of \_____ to naïve Jackson lab mice induces increase in lamina propria TH-17 lymphocytes, but is counteracted if given the ligand inhibitory to RORgamma expression

segmented filamentous bacteria

The production of the inhibitory ligand for RORgamma is correlated with the presence of intestinal \_____ that metabolize bile salts.

lactobacilli

secreted by juxtaglomerular cells in response to low Na+ entering the macula densa cell

renin

product of renin function

AT-1

\_____ is a ligand of RORgamma that strongly inhibits expression in a luciferase construct and presumably would do so to IL-23R.

3-oxolithocholic acid

secreted by macular densa onto juxtaglomerular cells in response to high Na+ in the nephron filtrate

adenosine

SGK1 disinhibits expression from the IL-23 R gene promoter by phosphorylating \____.

Fox01

Increased Ca++ within juxtaglomerular cells cause a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through its action on \____.

MLCK

directly inhibits adenylate cyclase V to reduce renin secretion

Ca2+

The major role of AT-II induced hypertension increase through the action of T lymphocytes requires intracellular production of \____ by NOX

superoxide