Alternative (Non-American) Political Systems of the 20th Century

totalitarianism: a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

political repression
lack of democracy
control of economy
widespread censorship + surveillance
limited freedom of travel

fascism: far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society and of the economy

rose to power due to the exploitation of (real or fabricated) poor social/economic/political conditions
capitalize off of these, shift blame + use scapegoats
use of extreme nationalism, with ties to racial superiority
militarism; extreme use of military to rise to power and assert dominance over other entities

nazism: the political principles of the National Socialist German Workers' Party

totalitarianism
extreme nationalism
appealing to the masses by exploiting issues and using scapegoats (eg Jews)
dictatorships
atheoretical + anti-intellectual

communism: a political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

state ownership
focus on the common good
austerity → power of the proletariat (working) class against the bourgeoisie (upper/exploitative) class
resulted in implementation of single-party political systems
implemented through repression + propaganda