The French Revolution: The Radical Phase

These flashcards cover key events, figures, and concepts from the Radical Phase of the French Revolution, aiding in exam preparation.

What period does the Radical Phase of the French Revolution cover?

1792-1795.

What countries threatened to invade Paris in July 1792?

Austria and Prussia.

What was the Brunswick Manifesto?

A promise that if the Monarchy is harmed, France will be harmed.

What significant event occurred on August 10, 1792?

Mobs stormed the palace and slaughtered the guards.

What radical group took control of the National Assembly in September 1792?

The Jacobins.

What did the National Convention abolish?

The monarchy.

What were the two factions within the Jacobins?

Montagnards and Girondists.

What did the Montagnards, led by Robespierre, advocate for?

A strong central government and a 'Republic of Virtue'.

What were the September Massacres?

A mob attacked prisons, killing over 1,000 people.

Who invented the guillotine?

Dr. Joseph Guillotin.

What was significant about January 21, 1793?

The execution of King Louis XVI.

What were some reasons for the Reign of Terror?

Rising prices, unemployment, war with the First Coalition, and royalist counter-rebellion.

What was the role of the Committee of Public Safety?

To save the Revolution from foreign and domestic enemies.

What did the sans-culottes represent?

The working class that pushed the Revolution in a more radical direction.

How many people were estimated to have been executed during the Reign of Terror?

40,000.

Who proclaimed a Republic of Virtue during the Reign of Terror?

Robespierre.

What was the outcome of the execution of Robespierre on July 28, 1794?

It marked the end of the Reign of Terror.

What problems did the Directory face leading to unrest?

High prices, bankruptcy, and citizen unrest.

What period does the Radical Phase of the French Revolution cover?

(1792-1795)

What countries threatened to invade Paris in (July\ 1792)?

Austria and Prussia.

What was the Brunswick Manifesto?

A promise that if the Monarchy is harmed, France will be harmed.

What significant event occurred on (August\ 10,\ 1792)?

Mobs stormed the palace and slaughtered the guards.

What radical group took control of the National Assembly in (September\ 1792)?

The Jacobins.

What did the National Convention abolish?

The monarchy.

What were the two factions within the Jacobins?

Montagnards and Girondists.

What did the Montagnards, led by Robespierre, advocate for?

A strong central government and a 'Republic of Virtue'.

What were the September Massacres?

A mob attacked prisons, killing over (1,000) people.

Who invented the guillotine?

Dr. Joseph Guillotin.

What was significant about (January\ 21,\ 1793)?

The execution of King Louis XVI.

What were some reasons for the Reign of Terror?

Rising prices, unemployment, war with the First Coalition, and royalist counter-rebellion.

What was the role of the Committee of Public Safety?

To save the Revolution from foreign and domestic enemies.

What did the sans-culottes represent?

The working class that pushed the Revolution in a more radical direction.

How many people were estimated to have been executed during the Reign of Terror?

(40,000)

Who proclaimed a Republic of Virtue during the Reign of Terror?

Robespierre.

What was the outcome of the execution of Robespierre on (July\ 28,\ 1794)?

It marked the end of the Reign of Terror.

What problems did the Directory face leading to unrest?

High prices, bankruptcy, and citizen unrest.

What was the Levée en masse?

A policy of mass national conscription introduced in (1793) to mobilize all French citizens for the war effort.

What was the Thermidorian Reaction?

The (1794) coup that resulted in the execution of Robespierre and a shift back toward more moderate policies.

Who was Jean-Paul Marat?

A radical Jacobin journalist whose career and assassination became symbols of the Revolution's intensity.

What was the Law of Suspects?

A (1793) law that authorized the arrest of anyone whose conduct or words suggested they were enemies of the Revolution.

Who was Georges Danton?

A revolutionary leader and orator who was a key figure in the early Reign of Terror but was later executed for being too moderate.

What was the Cult of the Supreme Being?

An official state religion introduced by Robespierre to encourage civic virtue and replace traditional Christianity.

What did De-Christianization involve?

The removal of religious symbols, the closing of churches, and the adoption of the French Republican Calendar.

What was the Committee of General Security?

A government body responsible for internal police and intelligence during the Reign of Terror.

What was the National Convention?

The governing body of France from (1792) to (1795) that established the First Republic and oversaw the execution of the King.

Who was Charlotte Corday?

The Girondist sympathizer who assassinated Jean-Paul Marat in (1793), believing his death would stop the violence of the Revolution.