Neoplasia 2

Vocabulary flashcards about neoplasia.

Malignant Tumors

Characterized by invasion and spread to other tissues.

Invasion (infiltration)

A mode of tumor growth involving the detachment of tumor cells.

Down-regulation of Adhesion molecules

A mechanism for detachment of Tumor cells.

Cadherins

Adhesion molecules. Their down-regulation facilities invasion.

Chemotactic factors

Promote the migration of tumor cells.

Local Spread

One of the mechanisms of spread of malignant tumors.

Distant Spread

One of the mechanisms of spread of malignant tumors including Lymphatic, Hematogenous, Transcoelomic, Transluminal and Implantation.

Metastasis

Development of secondary malignant implants not continuous with the primary tumor.

Lymphatic Spread

A type of distant spread more common in carcinomas.

Lymphatic Embolism

One way of lymphatic spread where tumor cells are carried as emboli.

Lymphatic Permeation

One way of lymphatic spread where tumor grows as solid cords within lymph vessels.

Hematogenous Spread

Spread of malignant tumors through the blood.

Intravasation

Crossing the vascular basement membrane by metastatic tumor cells.

Extravasation

When emboli adhere to vascular endothelium, cross BM & become extravasated.

Trans-coelomic Spread

Spread through body cavities.

Trans-peritoneal Spread

A type of trans-coelomic spread that can result in metastatic omental nodules & haemorrhagic ascites.

Krukenberg tumor

Bilateral ovarian metastatic deposits with associated gastric carcinoma.

Trans-pleural Spread

A type of trans-coelomic spread.

Trans-pericardial Spread

A type of trans-coelomic spread.

Trans-luminal Spread

Spread through natural passages.

Direct Implantation

A method of tumor spread, like surgical implantation.

Carcinoma

Malignant tumor of epithelial origin.

Sarcoma

Malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin.

Perineural spread

Spread along perineural space → nerve compression→ severe pain

Lymph Node Metastasis

Lymph nodes are enlarged, firm, and discrete before becoming matted.

Vascular Dissemination

It Involves Intravasation by crossing the vascular basement membrane

Homing of Tumor Cells

Aggregated tumor cells adhere to leukocytes& platelets

Tumor-associated angiogenic factors

play role in the development of a metastatic growth

Systemic Veins

Tumors of organs drained by systemic veins Lung is the 1ry site Bone and kidney as Primary sites

Portal Vein

Tumors from organs drained via the portal vein: 1st Hepatic vein 2nd 3rd Other organs

Vertebral System

Emboli reaching the vertebral system from thoracic, abdominal or pelvic tumors metastasis to brain, spinal cord or vertebrae WITHOUT AFFECTING THE LUNGS

Serosal Covering

Tumors of organs having a serosal covering infiltration of serosa

Serous Sac

tumor cells separate and fall into the related serous sac

Malignant brain tumors

If reaching the surface malignant cells get within cerebrospinal fluid metastasis on lining of ventricles, base of brain & spinal cord

Surgical implantation

instruments contaminated by tumor cells during removal of the tumor implantation of malignant cells in the surgical wound secondary deposits

Epithelial Origin

CARCINOMA Malignant t. of epithelial origin

Mesenchymal Origin

SARCOMA Malignant T. of mesenchymal origin

Infiltration

CARCINOMA Mainly by infiltration

Expansion

SARCOMA By expansion

Grey with areas of haemorrhage and necrosis

CARCINOMA consistency upon Cut section