Chapter 25 and 26 Test Review

Enclosure Movement

wealthy landowners force small farmers to become tenants or move to the city

Natural Resources

abundance of coal, iron, and water; crop rotation

Global Markets & Materials

England had colonies around the world to get there materials they needed and sell manufactured finished goods

Liberalism

Magna Carta limited monarchy, but empowered parliament; parliament then passed laws to encourage and protect business ventures

Available Capital

improvements in the Banking system and availability of loans encouraged new creations

New Inventions

allowed for more production and easier transport of goods = spurs industrialization

Domestic Industry

had all factors of production; textile industry

Henry Bessemer

process for making steel

Jethro Tull

invented the seed drill

Charles Townshend

discovered crop rotation

Sigmund Freud

Believed the unconscious drove peoples' actions (iceberg theory)

Ivan Pavlov

believed behavior could be conditioned (experiment with dogs)

John Dalton

discovered the atom

Dmitri Mendeleev

arranged the periodic table of the elements

Gregor Mendel

did extensive work with genetics to discover patterns of inheritance

Joseph Lister

developed antiseptics

Louis Pasteur

discovered modern germ theory and heats ability to kill bacteria

Wright Brothers

first in flight; invented the airplane

Thomas Edison

invented the lightbulb

The Curies

did extensive studies with radiation and radioactive elements

Henry Ford

invented the car and used the assembly line

Guillermo Marconi

invented the radio

James Hargreaves

invented the spinning jenny

Eli Whitney

invented cotton gin

James Watt

invented the steam engine

John McAdam

created all weather roads

Robert Fulton

created the steamboat

George Stephenson

invented the steam locomotive

Cyrus McCormack

invented the mechanical reaper

Laissez faire

means “hands off economics” and opposes all government involvement in business

Manchester and Leeds

major textile producing cities

Sheffield and Birmingham

major iron producing cities

Laissez faire

means “hands off economics” and opposes all government involvement in business

Middle class

the social class of professionals, businessmen, and other skilled workers

Hull House

the settlement started by Jane Addams in Chicago to help the poor

Working class

laborers who saw little improvement in living and work conditions

War of 1812

resulted in a blockade that motivated the US to increase its industrialization

Abolition

international movement to end slavery

Capitalism

created by Adam Smith who wrote the Wealth of Nations; factors of production are privately owned and money is interested in businesses

Utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham; govt should interfere to improve ppls lives

Socialism

owned by the public and operates for the welfare of all

Communism

Karl Marx; final stage of socialism in every aspect; private property ceases to exist

Stock

the right of ownership on a company that is sold to raise money to expand business

Luddites

ppl who destroyed machines that they viewed as a threat to their job

Unions

a voluntary labor association of workers who press for reforms

Imperialism

the policy of expanding one country’s rule over many other lands

Big Business

giant corporations that controlled entire business

American Federation

an organization that consists of several unions that merged together

Corporations

business owned by stockholders who share in profits but not debt

John D Rockefeller

the founder of standard oil

What industries helped the the Industrial Revolution grow and develop?

Textiles

What was the impact of the German Industrialization?

copied the British model and traveled to Britain to get an education; became an industrial and military giant

What impact did Industrialization have on the middle class?

more opportunities for education and democracy

What laws of economics regulate the economy according to Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations?

• Self Interest

• Competition

• Supply & Demand

What did Karl Marx believe the future held for relations between classes?

a physical war between the rich and poor

What reforms were made as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

• Child Labor Laws

• Regulated Wages

• Limited Working hours

What were some positive outcomes of the Industrial Revolution?

• Created jobs for workers

• Organized unions

• Contributed to the wealth of the nation

• Technological advance & innovation