AP HUG Unit 3 Vocab List #1

Culture

the shared beliefs, values, customs, and practices of a group of people, encompassing their learned behaviors, technology, and traditions

Cultural traits

the individual elements of a culture, such as language, religion, food habits, and clothing, that define a group's identity and lifestyle

Cultural hearths

a geographic area where new ideas, innovations, and cultural practices originate and spread to other regions

Diffuse

the process by which a cultural element, idea, or innovation spreads from one area or group to another

Folk culture

the traditional practices, customs, and beliefs of small, homogeneous groups of people, often living in isolated, rural areas

Indigenous culture

the unique traditions, practices, and beliefs of a region's original inhabitants, who often have a deep and enduring connection to their ancestral lands and environment

Globalization

the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, driven by cross

Popular culture

a set of practices, beliefs, and ideas that are widely shared and constantly changing within a larger, heterogeneous society, often driven by mass media and consumerism

Cultural landscape

the visible result of human activity and culture on the environment, representing the "distinct imprint of cultures on the land"

Mentifacts

the core ideas, values, and beliefs of a culture, which are the intangible aspects that shape its identity, such as language, religion, and ideologies (non material)

Sociofacts

the social structures and organizations that shape how a culture's members interact, such as families, governments, and educational systems (non

Placelessness

the loss of a place's unique character and the rise of a uniform, "anywhere" landscape

Ethnicity

a shared identity with a group of people who have the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth

Ethnic enclaves

a geographic area with a high concentration of a particular ethnic group that is culturally, socially, and economically distinct from the surrounding area

Cultural regions

a geographic area where people share similar cultural traits like language, religion, and customs

Sacred place

a location considered holy, divine, or significant for spiritual or religious purposes

Diaspora

the dispersion of a people from their original homeland to other locations

Sequent occupance

the concept that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, creating a layered cultural landscape over time

Neocolonialism

the practice of controlling less

Centripetal forces

factors that unify a state and create stability

Centrifugal forces

factors that divide a state and create instability

Fundamentalism

a strict adherence to a religion's basic principles, often involving a literal interpretation of sacred texts and a reaction against modern, secular, or liberal influences

Cultural appropriation

the adoption of elements from a marginalized culture by a dominant culture, often without understanding, permission, or respect, and for the dominant group's own benefit

Relocation diffusion

the spread of cultural traits, ideas, and innovations through the physical movement of people (migration)

Expansion diffusion

the spread of an idea, innovation, or cultural trait outward from its origin (hearth) while remaining strong and growing in influence in the original area

Contagious diffusion

a subtype of expansion diffusion where a cultural trait, idea, or innovation spreads rapidly outward from its origin to nearby places, similar to the way a disease spreads

Hierarchical diffusion

the spread of an idea, trend, or innovation from a powerful or influential source, such as a large city or group of people, to smaller or less influential places

Stimulus diffusion

a type of cultural diffusion where an idea spreads from one culture to another, but the receiving culture adapts and modifies the original trait to fit its own context