Stage 3 Lesson 16: Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

Systematic mental approach to consistently determine the best course of action in a given situation. Training this made for fewer in-flight errors. Enhances the process to decrease the probability of human error and increase the probability of a safe flight

Crew Resource Management (CRM)

The effective use of all resources including personnel, training procedures and equipment to achieve the highest possible level of safety

-focusses on teamwork, communication, and coordination among flight crew members

-Helps divide tasks

Steps for Making good decision-making

1. Identify personal attitudes hazardous to safe flight

2. Learning behavior modification techniques

3. Learning how to recognize and cope with stress

4. Developing risk assessment skills

5. Using all resources

6. Evaluating the effectiveness of one's ADM skills

Risk Management

Proactively identifying safety-related hazards and milage the associated risks.

Risk Managment Process

Identify Risk, Assess Risk, Analyze controls, Make Control Decisions, Use Controls, Monitor Results

Hazard

potential source of danger (e.g., Major cross wind on takeoff and landing).

Risk

The chance or probability that the hazard will cause harm (e.g., pilot taking off and not having a safe takeoff, or safe landing).

The OODA Loop

Observe, Orient, Decide, Act

Single-Pilot Resource Management

art and science of managing all the resources (both on-board the aircraft and form outside sources) available to a single pilot (prior to and during flight) to ensure the successful outcome of the flight

-Being familiar with plane, knowing airport information (frequiences, weather, etc) putting in GPS prior to flight

Anti-Authority

Nobody can tell me what to do.

Antidote: Follow the rules, they are there for a reason

Impulsivity

tendency to act quickly without careful thought.

Antidote: Not so fast. Think first.

Invulnerability

"It won't happen to me"

Antidote: "It could happen to me."

Macho

"I Can do it"

Antidote: Taking chances is foolish

Resignation

Acceptance of fate, "what is the use"

Antidote: I'm not helpless, I can make a difference

Antidote: I'm not helpless, I can make a difference

PAVE Checklist

Pilot-in-command (are you fit to fly), Aircraft (suitable for ready), enVironment (external flight conditions), and External pressures (get there-idess).

Human Factor

Fatigue, complacent, and stress, directly cause or contribute to many aviation accidents and have been documented as a primary contributor to more than 70% of aircraft accidents

The 5 P's Check

Plan, Plane, Pilot, Passengers, Programming

-these decision points include: Preflight, pre takeoff, hourly or at the midpoint of the flight, pre-decent, just proper to final approach

5 P's: Plan

This consist of the basic parts of cross country planning. the plan is always being changed and updated due to things like weather.

5 P's: Plane

Identifying mechanical and cosmetic issues, and knowing how to use the avionic and/or advanced avionics.

5 P's: Pilot

Flying imposes stressed such as fatigue and the use of advanced avionics and all there uses can exhaust a pilot, using the IMSAFE list is always best to check the pilots capabilities.

5 P's: Passengers

Prioritizing the pilots safety as well as the passengers safety is very important, make sure the flight is safe for your passengers so that no issues arise, passengers should be educated in the safety process to keep them busy and so they are aware of the inherent risks involved.

5 P's: Programming

Advanced avionics are known to take pilots attention for longer periods of time, in order to minimize this the pilot should familiarize with the equipment to insure efficiency, such as knowing what parts of flight you need to use them most so you have it planned out.

This is one way for a pilot to apply Single Pilot Resource management to situations that arise.

3P Model

Perceive: See hazards, evaluate hazards.

Process: What are the consequences of action?

Perform: Implement the best solution.

Good Decision making Models

5 Ps, 3P, and DECIDE (Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate), OODA LOOP, Access the risk, hazard and reward.

Types of Operational Pit falls

Pier pressure

Get there-idess

Duck under (flying under bad weather)

IMC

Get behind the airplane (letting over speed, not scanning instruments properly)

Operating without adequate knowing airplane system

Neglecting preflight plan (NWCRAFT)

Situationla Awaerness

-Monitoring radio communications for traffic weather discussion, and ATC communication can enhance the by helping the pilot develop a mental picture of what is happening

-Fatigue, stress, and work overload can cause a pilot to fixate on a single perceived important item an overall situational awareness of the flight

Work Load Management

When a work overload situation exists, a pilot needs to stop, think, slow down, and prioritize.

-Helps to mitigate your stress, but as you get more experience and better at flying, you can take more on. Always know your boundaries. Automated systems can. help streamline pilot workload. But need to know how to work that stuff first

Automation

Generally comprised of an intrigued advanced avionics system consisting of a primary flight display (PFD), a multifunctional flight display (MFD) inkling an instrument-certified global positioning system (GPS) with traffic and terrain graphics, positioning system (GPS) with traffic and terrain graphics, and a fully integrated autopilot