CSD 477 Key Terms Exam #2

What is an adolescent?

A patient within the teenage years, typically between the ages 13-19, who is receiving speech therapy to address communication challenges specific to their developmental stage (artic, fluency, language comprehension, or social commnunication skills)

What is authentic?

more functional and more descriptive; looking at and gathering information about how an adolescent uses or cannot use his or her language in contexts that are "real" for the adolescent

What is functional?

evaluation that focuses on how well a person can use language skills in everyday situations, assessing their ability to communicate effectively in real-life contexts rather than just testing isolated language abilities

What is descriptive?

a method of evaluating someone's communication abilities by focusing on the richness and detail of their language use, including the variety of vocabulary, specific descriptors, and how effectively they paint a picture

What is clausal density?

a measure of syntactic complexity that indicates the average number of clauses (independent and dependent) present within a single utterance (showing how many clauses a person uses per sentence)

What is contrived situations?

the concepts of and push for the use of authentic forms of assessment can put professionals in a bind when assessing the language abilities of adolescents

What is direct teaching?

direct teaching of skills and strategies to adolescents so they can actually learn these and the analysis abilities needed to apply and evaluate them, to learn to recognize when the skills and strategies should be used and which should be tried, and to learn to self-initiate these

What is articulation?

totality of motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech

What is articulation disorder?

if an individual's articulation deviates significantly from the norm, it may be diagnosed as an articulation disorder

What are articulatory phonetics?

actualities of how speech sounds are formed - directly related to articulation

What is phonology?

a branch of linguistics, pertains to the description of the systems and patterns of phonemes that occur in language. study how phonemes are organized and function in communication. inventory of phonemes of a given language.

What is speech sounds?

represent physical sounds realities, end productions of articulatory motor processes; they have a linguistic function (rules addressing speech sounds can be arranged to produce appropriate words); speech sounds errors relate to articulation distortions.

What are phonemes?

used in relationship to linguistic function; smallest linguistic unti that is able, when combined with other such units, to establish word meanings and distinguish between them; function of sound; signifies differences in word meaning within a specific language. phoneme system can be limited or restricted when compared to the norm, relates to individual's language system

What is accent?

the unique way that speech is pronounced by a group of people speaking the same language and is a natural part of spoken language

What is dialect?

a rule-governed language system that reflects the regional and social background of its speakers, may cross all linguistic parameters, including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics; SLPs must distinguish between dialectal differences and communicative disorders

What is sequential bilingualism?

2nd language introduced after age 3

What is simultaneous bilingualism?

2 languages at the same time - both languages before age 3

What is dual language learners?

2 language simultaneously from birth or a second language after first language

What is English language learners?

language minority students in the US who are learning English