2- GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION

Part3

Business Process

Collection of activities required to produce a product or service.

Manufacturing and production

Assembling the product

Checking for quality

Producing bills of materials

Sales and Marketing

Identifying costumers

Making costumers aware of the product

Selling the product

Finance and accounting

Paying creditors

Creating financial statements

Managing cash accounts

Human resources

Having employees

Evaluating employees job performance

Enrolling employees in benefits plan

Sales

Accounting

Manufacturing

Production

Steps in the order fulfillment process

Sales

Process to Generate order and submit order

Accounting

Process to check credit, approve credit, and generate invoice

Manufacturing and production

Process to assemble product and ship product

Increasing efficiency of existing processes

Automating steps that were manual

Enabling entirely new processes that are capable of transforming the businesses

Change flow of information

Replace sequential steps with parallel steps

Eliminate delays in decision making

Transaction Processing Systems

Perform and record daily routine _______ .necessary to conduct business.

Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping

Transaction Processing Systems

Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external environment

• Serve operational levels

• Serve predefined, structured goals and decision making

Business Intelligence Systems

Class of software applications

• Analyze current and historical data to find patterns and trends and aid decision-making

• Used in systems that support middle and senior management

• Data-driven DSS

• Executive support systems (ESS)

Management Information Systems

Serve middle management

• Provide reports on firm’s current performance, based on data from TPS

• Provide answers to routine questions with predefined procedure for answering them

• Typically have little analytic capability

Decision Support Systems

• Serve middle management

• Support non-routine decision making

• Often use external information as well from TPS and MIS

Executive Support Systems

• Support senior management

• Address non-routine decisions

• Requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight

• Incorporate data about external events (e.g. new tax laws or competitors) as well as summarized information from internal MIS and DSS

Executive Support Systems

Example: Digital dashboard with real-time view of firm’s financial performance: working capital, accounts receivable, accounts payable, cash flow, and inventory.

Design Support System

• Example: What is impact on production schedule if December sales doubled?

Enterprise Applications

• Systems for linking the enterprise

• Span functional areas

• Execute business processes across firm

• Include all levels of management

Four major applications:

• Enterprise systems

• Supply chain management systems

• Customer relationship management systems

• Knowledge management systems

Supply Chain Management Systems

• Manage firm’s relationships with suppliers

• Share information about

• Orders, production, inventory levels, delivery of products and services

Supply Chain Management Systems

Goal:

• Right amount of products to destination with least amount of time and lowest cost

Customer Relationship Management Systems

• Provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention

Customer Relationship Management Systems

Integrate firm’s customer-related processes and consolidate customer information from multiple communication channels

Knowledge Management Systems

Support processes for acquiring, creating, storing, distributing, applying, integrating knowledge

• How to create, produce, distribute products and services

• Collect internal knowledge and experience within firm and make it available to employees

• Link to external sources of knowledge

Alternative tools

that increase integration and expedite the flow of information

Intranets

Internal company Web sites accessible only by employees

Extranets

Company Web sites accessible externally only to vendors and suppliers. Often used to coordinate supply chain

E-business

Use of digital technology and Internet to drive major business processes

E-commerce

Subset of e-business

Buying and selling goods and services through Internet

E-government:

Using Internet technology to deliver information and services to citizens, employees, and businesses

Programmers

are highly trained technical specialists who write the software instructions for computers.

Systems analysts

Job is to translate business problems and requirements into information requirements and systems.

Information systems managers

are leaders of teams of programmers and analysts, project managers, physical facility managers, telecommunications managers, or database specialists. They are also managers of computer operations and data entry staff.

Chief information officer (CIO)

In many companies, the information systems department is headed by a ___ ______ _____. A senior manager who oversees the use of information technology in the firm.

Chief security officer (CSO)

is in charge of information systems security for the firm and is responsible for enforcing the firm’s information security policy.

Chief privacy officer (CPO)

is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws.

Chief knowledge officer (CKO)

is responsible for the firm’s knowledge management program.

Chief data officer (CDO)

is responsible for enterprise-wide governance and utilization of information to maximize the value the organization can real-ize from its data.

End users

are representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed.

Chief knowledge officer (CKO)

The ___ helps design programs and systems to find new sources of knowledge or to make better use of existing knowledge in organizational and management processes.