Covalent Compounds

Lone pair of electrons

Electrons that don’t form a bond

Coordinate bond

taking both electrons from a different bond to create a bond.

Single bond

Longest; weakest

Double bond

2nd longest; second weakest

Triple bond

Shortest; strongest

Expanded octet

more than 8 electrons

Formal charge

Helps predict the most stable Lewis structure of an atom

Formal charge formula

=# of valence electrons - unbounded electrons - bond #

Resonance structures

a set of two or more Lewis Structures that collectively describe the electronic bonding of a single poly atomic molecule. Describe de-localized electrons that a single Lewis formula cannot express.

VSPER theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. A set of rules we can use to look as a 2d Lewis structure of a molecule and figure out what the 3d molecule looks like.

Electron-Electron repulsion

when and atom approaches another atom the negatively charges electrons of the two atoms repel each other.