Matter Science Test 

Gas

A state of matter, does not have a fixed volume or shape. Spreads as much as it can filling the container.

Charles Law

• When the pressure of a gas is equal, the temperature increases as well as the volume.

Temperature increasing affects the speed of particles, if the temperature is hotter the particles with move faster.

This can be related to a balloon, if the temperature dramatically changes the balloon particles within will either expand or spread. If the balloon is brought into a colder environment it will shrink.

PV=nRT Is the Ideal gas law

D=m/v - Gas= g/cm3 or g/mL

N/m2 is the Si unit for pressure

Boyle’s Law

• If the temperature is held constant and volume increases the pressure will decrease, the same goes for the other way around.

  • Robert Boyle was the creator of this law, he was given the title “The Father of Modern Science” because of it.

This can be related to a balloon, when the pressure in the balloon increases the volume of the balloon will decrease.

Liquid

• A state of matter where their particles are close. They take the shape of their container. Liquids do not have a defined shape but a defined volume. A liquid is anything that flows.

Surface tension

• A force that pulls particles toward other liquid particles.

  • This can be related to seeing raindrops on a car window, you can see the raindrops combined with each other.

Viscosity

• A liquids resistance from flowing

  • Honey has a higher viscosity because it is thicker, and water has a low viscosity because it is thin.

Water Density = g/mL

D=m/v

Solid

• A state of matter that has a defined shape and volume, its particles are packed but are still vibrating.

Crystalline Solids

• Have particles that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern.

  • Snowflakes

Amorphous Solids

• Shapeless and random particle arrangements

  • Cotten Candy

D=m/v

g/cm3

Phase Changes

Freedom of movement

• Molecule movement in relation to other molecules

  • The greater freedom of movement is the greater something will spread (gas)

  • The less freedom of movement is the closer together particles are (solid)

Transfer of energy

• Energy or “heat” can be taken or added

  • The more energy taken away takes the same amount of freedom of movement away (solid)

  • The more energy added increases the amount of freedom of movement (gas)

Scale (Molecular v.s. Macro-level) Geometry on the order of millimeters and beyond is considered to be on the macroscale, whereas length scales down to the micrometer range are considered to be on the micro-scale.

Molecule A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Phase A distinct period or stage in a series of events or a process of change or development.

Phase Changes

Melting - The phase change, from solid to liquid.

• Ice cube to water

• Popsicle to watery popsicle

Freezing - The phase change, from liquid to solid.

• Water freezing into ice cubes

• Snow forming

Boiling - The phase change, from liquid to gas.

• Boiling water, the water evaporates

Condensation - The phase change, from gas to liquid.

• Rain

• Snow

Evaporation The phase change, from liquid to gas. Not including bubbles.

• Water going into clouds

Boiling point

The point at which a substance boils.

Freezing point

The point at which a substance freezes

Melting point

The point at which a substance melts.

Freedom of movement The amount of freedom a state of matter has when it comes to moving around its container. Gas has the most and solid has the least.

Chemical Changes

Flammability

• A substance's ability to set on fire.

Reflectivity

• The ability a substance has to reflect.

Malleability

• The quality or state of being malleable

Hardness

• How hard a substance is. Usually solid.

Conductivity

• The measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material.

Magnetism

• A physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects.