WEEK 4 - the heart

apex

“pointy” part of the heart. angles to the left

inferior margin

part of the heart that rests on the diaphragm muscle

base

superior portion of the heart

anterior interventricular sulcus

sulcus that descends the anterior aspect of the heart and angles to the right of the apex. Contains a major coronary artery

posterior interventricular sulcus

sulcus that descends the posterior aspect of the heart and goes pretty much straight into the apex

right atrium

first place for deoxygenated blood to go

tricuspid valve

the right atrium contracts and sends blood through here to get to the right ventricle

right ventricle

coming from the tricuspid valve, blood ends up here

pulmonic valve

when the right ventricle contracts, it sends blood through here on its way to the pulmonary trunk

pulmonary trunk

coming from the pulmonic valve, blood ends up here on its way to the pulmonary arteries

pulmonary arteries

deoxygenated blood enters these arteries and is sent to the lungs after being in the pulmonary trunk

pulmonary veins

after picking up oxygen in the lungs, blood now enters back into the heart through this structure

left atrium

the pulmonary veins lead oxygenated blood into this area of the heart

bicuspid valve

when the left atrium contracts, blood is sent through this “doorway”

left ventricle

after passing through the bicuspid valve, blood is now in this area of the heart

aortic valve

the “doorway” exiting the left ventricle and leading to the ascending aorta

ascending aorta

after passing through the aortic valve, blood is here and on its way to the aortic arch

aortic arch

final area of the heart leading to the branching arteries

brachiocephalic trunk

first artery branching off from the aortic arch

right common carotid artery

on the right side of the body, the artery that supplies blood to the face

right subclavian artery

branch from the brachiocephalic artery, leads to the axillary artery

left common carotid artery

medial artery leaving the aortic arch. supplies the left side of the face

left subclavian artery

final branch from the aortic arch. supplies the left side of the body

descending aorta

runs on the posterior side of the heart, supplies all of the lower body with oxygenated blood

inferior vena cava

deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via this inferior structure

superior vena cava

deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via this superior structure

pectinate muscles

muscular ridges found inside the atria of the heart (mostly in right atrium)

AV(atrioventricular) valves

bicuspid and tricuspid valves

chordae tendineae

ligament like “strings” attached to the AV valves

papillary muscles

muscles along the walls of the ventricles that prevent the AV valves from inverting. attached to chordae tendineae

right coronary artery

goes to the right of the ascending aorta in a sulcus that is inferior to the right atrium. Eventually drains into the posterior interventricular artery

left coronary artery

begins to go left, then branches to form the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery

anterior interventricular artery

branches off the left coronary artery and descends to the right of the apex of the heart

circumflex artery

branches off the left coronary artery into a sulcus that is inferior to the left atrium. Circles around to the posterior side of the heart

endocardium

inside lining of the heart

myocardium

middle lining of the heart. This is the muscular layer consisting of myocytes with intercalated discs

epicardium

outside lining of the heart

sinoatrial(SA) node

pacemaker node located in the superior wall of the right atrium

atrioventricular(AV) node

node located at the junction of the atria and ventricles

AV bundle

few centimeters distal to the AV node and branches to form the left and right bundle branches in the interventricular septum

purkinje fibers

fibers that transmit the impulse up the walls of the ventricles causing them to contract from the apex upward