Exam 3: GI Meds

Antacid (action and purpose)

• immediate short-term relief

• A base that neutralizes the acid → combats acid head-on

• Treats Pyrosis or any irriation caused by increased gastric acid

H2 Antagonist (action and purpose)

• blocks the histamine receptor → the cell that produces acid will be lacking one of the signals and produce less acid → partial cells are produced

• Takes 30 minutes to work → lasts 12 hours

• become less effective when used every day → not good for frequent heartburn

• Over the counter

• Treats GERD, Pyrosis, Gastitis, or Peptic Ulcers

• Med ends in DINE

Proton Pump Inhibitor (action and purpose)

• Blocks pumps produced by the cell → stopping acid secretion

• pumps are formed every day → medication will need to be taken every day every day

• Gastric acid secretion is temporarily blocked

• takes longer to kick in, but the best for frequent heartburn relief

• Treats GERD, Pyrosis, Gastitis, or Peptic Ulcers

• Medications end in ZOLE

Lansoprazole

• PPI

• Other name: Prevacid

Omeprazole

• PPI

• Other name: Prilosec

Rabeprazole

• PPI

• Other name: AcipHex

Pantoprazole

• PPI

• often given at the hospital because of increase stress causing an increased risk of acid

• Other name: Protonix

Esomeprazole

• PPI

• Other name: Nexium

Cimetidine

• Histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonist

• Other name: Tagmet

Nizatidine

• Histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonist

• Other name: Axid

Famotidine

• Histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonist

• Other name: Pepcid

Ranitidine

• Histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonist

• Other name: Zantac

Aluminum hydroxide

• Antacids

• Other name: Amphopjel

Calcium Carbonate

• Antacids

• Other name: Tums

Magnesium Hydorxide

• Antacids

• Other name: Milk of Magnesia

PPI side effects & teaching

• hypocalcemia & hypomagnesemia

• Monitor for these and eat magnesium-rich foods

  • spinach, almonds, yogurt, avocados

• twice daily → morning and evening

H2 Blockers side effects & teaching

• headache

• diarrhea

• conception

• tiredness

• muscle discomfort

• Monitor kidney or liver dysfunction

• take in morning or evening or both

DO NOT take with antacids, NO smoking, alcohol, or NSAIDS, elevate HOB

Antacids side effects and teaching

• constipation

• decreased appetite

• n/v

• flatulence

• dry mouth

• OTC

• Chew before swallowing

• Drink fluid after

• Take before meals/bedtime

Opioids

used for chronic pancreatitis pain

Regland

• reflux management

Gastritis Triggers

• NSAIDS → ibuprofen, Aspirin, naproxen

• prednisone

• all distrust the mucosal barrier

GERD triggers

• NSAIDS → ibuprofen, Aspirin, naproxen

• calcium channel blockers

• Anticholinergics

• all lower esophageal sphincter and contribute to reflux

Oral Candidiasis risk

• corticosteroids

• antibiotics

• increased risk of infections

Pancreatitis and opiods

opioids are often ineffective for pancreatitis pain

• these are usually done instead →

  • bowel rest

  • addressing cause → most are due to gallstones r alcohol abuse

Metronidazole

• other name: Flagyl

• antibiotcs/anti-infectives

• used to manage bacterial growth or complications like abscesses and fistulas commonly found in Crohns

Ciprofloxacin

• other name: Cipro

• antibiotcs/anti-infectives

• used to manage bacterial growth or complications like abscesses and fistulas commonly found in Crohns

Anti-inflammatories

• Corticosteroids → END in SONE (prednisone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, triamcinolone, and fluticasone)

• Sulfonamides

• reduce underlying inflammation and promotes bowel rest in Crohns

Anti-diarrheals

used to manage liquid stools seen in Crohns

Anticholinergics

• used to decrease cramping

• for IBS or Hemorrhoid management

• block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, reducing involuntary muscle movements and body secretions

Bulk-forming laxatives and antidiarrheals

address constipation or diarrhea, cannot treat only reduce symptom

Stool softeners and bulk-forming laxatives

Used to prevent the straining that contributes to hemorrhoid formation

Anesthetics/Astringents

Applied topically for local symptom relief of hemorrhoid pain

Lactaid

An Over-the-Counter (OTC) enzyme replacement used to manage lactase deficiency alongside dietary changes

Antibiotics

These are specifically used in the management of PUD to eradicate the H. pylori infection, often in combination with PPIs or H2-blockers to allow the mucous lining to heal