Lab 07 Lymphatic & Digestion

lympatic system starts at the

cellular level  – close-ended capillary-like vessels within the arteriole/venuole capillary beds and nearby tissues

lymph capillary, arteriole, tissue fluid, tissue cells, venule, lympahtic vessell

collagen fiber, intersital fluid, lymph, lymph vessel endotheial cells, endothelial flaps, backflow prevention value

start end

lymphatic capillaries, vessels, lg vessels, nodes, lg vessels, trunks, collecting ducts end into r and l subcalvain veins

jugular trunk, r lymphatic duct, r brachiocephalic vein, bronchomediastinal trunk, intercoastal trunk, cisterna chyli, internal jugular vein, thoratic duct, subclavian trunk, thoartic duct, intestrinal trunk, lumbar trunk, lymphatic vessels

order

lymphatic capillary, afferent lymphatic vessels, lymph node, efferent lympatic vessel, lymphatic trunk, collecting duct, subclavian vein

r jugular trunk, r subclavian trunk, r lymphatic duct, r subclavian vein, r bronchomediastinal trunk, l jugular trunk, l subclavian trunk, thoartic duct, l subclavian vein, l bronchomediastinal trunk

lymphatic organ

lymph nodes

thymus

capsule, cortex of lobule, medulla of lobule, septum of ct, lobule

spleen

capsule, white pupl, red pulp

Lymphatic tissue contains lymphoid nodules - 

Densely packed lymphocytes in loose connective tissue in mucous membranes.

MALTS

Mucosa-Associated  Lymphatic Tissue 

Tonsils

large nodules in wall of pharynx

Peyer’s Patches  – 

grouped nodules in small intestine

Vermiform appendix –

fused nodules in the walls of the appendix 

palastine tonisl

pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, palatine tonsil, linguinal tonsil

digestive organs IDAE

ingestion

digestion

absobation

elimination

2 major parts digestive system

alimentary canal: (GastroIntestinal – GI tract)

( a “tube” from mouth to anus)

(mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, 

  small & large intestines, rectum, anal canal)

2. Accesssory digestive organs: salvary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancrease

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, mouth, pharnyx, esophagus, stomach, small intenstine, lg intesntine, rectum, anus

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, lumen

GI tract Wall

oral cavity

ingest/digest

(Mouth) – [ingest & masticate]

tongue, teeth, salivary glands hard & soft palates, uvula, [palatine & lingual tonsils] - swallowing moves bolus down

- [digestion starts] 

pharanx

3 parts ((naso-) , oro- laryngo-, skeletal muscles initiate wavelike contractions (peristalsis) propelling food down tube 

[no digestion]   

ingest/digest

esophagus

transports food down to stomach, smooth muscles propel food via peristaltic waves - involuntary [no digestion] 

injest/digest

digestion

mechnaical/chemical

hard palate, soft palate, uvula, palatine tonsisls, tounge, ligiunal frenlum, oral vetsibule

frontal sinus, nasal cavity, hard palate, vestibuke, tounge, tooth, ip, hyoid bone, larnx, sphenoidal sinus, pharngeal tonsil, opening of auditory tube, soft palate, nasophaynx, oral cavoty, uvula, patine tonsil, orophanx, ligunal tonsil, epiglotis, larngophanrx, esophogus, trachea

salivary glands, paratoid glands, submandiular gland, sublingual gland

nasopharnx, oropharnx, larnoharnx

paratoid, submandiular, sublinguinal

digest absorb

lower esophgeal spinicheter valve, stomach, pyloric sphincter valve, small intentsinesm ileoceal sphincter valve

stomach

4 parts (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus), greater & lesser curvatures, rugae (gastric folds,  gastric pits, gastric & mucous glands), additional muscle layer - oblique in muscularis externa layer, chyme 

[big time digestion & storage]

small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, villi, microvilli pancreatic duct, bile duct, 

[final digestion - big time absorption]

Lower esophageal sphincter (junction)

Junction between esophagus and stomach

  - muscularis layer (circular)

    always contracted (why 

    chyme does not go back into

    esophagus

pyloric sphincter, pyloris, rugae, greater curvature, assitional muscle layer in musclaris externis, cardia, body, fundus, lower esophgeal spincter lesser curvature

stomach lining

Simple columnar epithelium produce mucous – shed and replaced continuously

Gastric glands – composed of 

parietal (hydrochloric acid (HCl)), and 

chief (pepsinogen/pepsin) cells 

stomach lining

duedenum, jejunum, ilieum, appendix, stomach, lg intestine, rectum

small inestine

needs to be more 

alkaline for absorption

Pancreatic juice is alkaline 

lumen, vili, simple columnar epithelium, ct in villus, mucoasa, submucosa, circular fibers, longitudal fibers, seorsa

absorb eliminate

Large Intestine – ileocecal sphincter, cecum, appendix, 

  ascending, transverse, and descending colons,

  sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, anal

    sphincters, anus

large intestine tissue – mucosa dominated w/ goblet cells

transverse colon, haustrum, acensing colon, illieum cut, illoceal vlave, cecum, appendix, descdedning colon, tanien coli, sigmoid colon, rectum anal canal, externa. anal sphincter

lg intestine

mucosa, submucosa, tunica mescularis, serosa

assorsy digestive organs

Salivary Glands – parotid, sublingual, submandibular, 

    mucin (mucous),  salivary amylase, bolus

Liver  –common hepatic duct, bile duct, cystic duct,

    hepatocytes, hepatic triad, (bile production)  

[hematological & metabolic regulation]

Gallbladder – cystic duct  (bile storage)

Pancreas – main pancreatic duct, head & tail

  [produces essential digestive enzymes]