Section 1.1: Psychology and Its History - Terms

Science

A structured approach to understanding the world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Critical thinking

The ability to analyze information objectively and logically to make well-reasoned judgments while minimizing bias.

Empiricism

The idea that knowledge is primarily gained through direct experience and observable evidence.

Psychology

The scientific study of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Structuralism

An early psychological theory that aimed to break down conscious experience into its fundamental elements.

Introspection

The process of examining one’s own thoughts and feelings to gain insight into conscious experience.

Functionalism

A psychological perspective that explores how mental processes help individuals adapt to their surroundings.

Behaviorism

A field of psychology that focuses on studying and understanding behavior based on observable actions rather than thoughts.

Psychoanalytic theory

Freud’s concept that unconscious desires, internal conflicts, and early life experiences influence behavior.

Humanistic psychology

A psychological approach that highlights personal growth, self-improvement, and human potential.