Unit 3 - Explorers + Age of Exploration (copy)

Prince Henry the Navigator was from?

Portugal

Prince Henry the Navigator’s Years of expedition

Mid 1400s

Prince Henry the Navigator Famous Discoveries and Impact

Opened school of navigation and financed expeditions to explore coast of Africa.

Largely credited with starting the Age of Exploration, and also helping start the slave trade

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Bartolomeu Dias from?

Portugal

Bartolomeu Dias years of expedition

1487

Bartolomeu Dias Famous Discoveries and Impact

Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope to Indian Ocean, proving Europeans could get to Indies by sailing around Africa

Vasco da Gama from?

Portugal

Vasco da Gama years of Exploration

1513

Vasco da Gama Famous Discoveries and Impact

First European to make it around Africa (Cape of Good Hope) to India

got rich from the voyage

Sir Francis Drake from

england

Sir Francis Drake years of exploration

1570s

Sir Francis Drake Famous Discoveries and Impact

Was an English pirate who became 2nd European to sail around the world

Was really successful at stealing Spanish gold

Ponce de Leon from

spain

Ponce de Leon years of exploration

1510 ish

Ponce de Leon Famous Discoveries and Impact

discovered florida

Jacques Cartier from

france

Jacques Cartier years of exploration

1535

Jacques Cartier Famous Discoveries and Impact

Discovered Canada for France, explored St. Lawrence River

The area he founded still speaks French today

Hernan Cortes from

spain

Hernan Cortes years of exploration

1519

Hernan Cortes Famous Discoveries and Impact

Conquistador, he conquered the Aztecs in modern day Mexico

Aztecs believed in human sacrifice

Francisco Pizarro from

spain

Francisco Pizarro years of exploration

1530s

Francisco Pizarro Famous Discoveries and Impact

Conquistador, he conquered the Inca in South America

Killed last Inca leader, Atahualpa

John Cabot from

italy sailed for england

John Cabot years of expedition

1497

John Cabot Famous Discoveries and Impact

Claimed Canada for England

1st European to set foot in continental Americas (not islands… besides Leif Ericson)

Ferdinand Magellan from

from Portugal sailed for spain

Ferdinand Magellan years of expedition

1519-22

Ferdinand Magellan Famous Discoveries and Impact

Led expedition that became first to sail around the world

He died in the Philippines on the way, they ate penguins on their journey

Leif Erikson from

viking

Leif Erikson years of expedition

~1000

Leif Erikson Famous Discoveries and Impact

Set up a settlement in the New World… 500 years before Columbus got there

Zheng He from

china

Zheng He years of exploration

1420s and 1430s

Zheng He Famous Discoveries and Impact

Explored all over the Indian Ocean and Africa with a HUGE fleet (over 20,0000 men), might have even circumnavigated the globe… way more advanced than European ships and earlier (but why doesn’t it change the world?

When was James town found

1607

Causes of The Age of Exploration

europeans desire for spices

• Italians dominate trade along Mediterranean

• Helped by decline of Church (usury), leads to more merchants

• Ottoman conquest of Constantinople eliminated Christian city to trade (1453)

New tech

compass, caravel (ship), astrolabe

commercial revolution

the changing and modernizing of the economy during this time

fixed currency rates

Mercantilism

country's government should attempt to increase wealth (gold/silver) as much as possible

Mine for gold/silver

2. Favorable balance of trade

A. Import less (use tariffs) = tax on imported goods

B. Export more (use subsidies) = government pays the economic industry

* Leads to COLONIES

- Exist to benefit parent country

Incas

• No written language (quipu)

• 10k miles of stone highways

• Used terraces for farming - potatoes and corn!

  * potato is native to Andes

Aztec

- 1325 founded in Tenochtitlan

- Warlike - 1500 Dominate the region, have other areas pay tribute

- Believed in Human Sacrifice

- Chinampas - "floating" garden

Gunpower empires

Ottomans, Safavids, Mugals

Islam

• five pillars

• quran

• main prophet - muhammad

• shunni (most are shunni) and shi’a muslims

Ottoman

• most powerful

• under islam

• traded cofee and ceramics

• CAPTURED CONSTINTANOPLE IN 1453

Safavid

• shi’a islam

• different language than arabs and persian culture

• increased territory

• traded carpet weaving and fabrics

Mughal

• located primarly in northern india

• mainly hindu (tolerence is allowed)

• Economy based on trade and agriculture

• mughals built the taj mahal

Songhai

• emerged as mali crumbled

• trade gold and salt

  • timbuktu became a major trading center

Asante

• Became more powerful trading slaves for guns, also traded ivory

• Constantly fought neighboring nations

• had unified central government

Kongo

• smaller states unified

• slave trade

• Art was elaborate using wood, cloth, and terra cotta

• Eventually become fully controlled by Portuguese

China

• Most technologically advanced civilization in the world (paper, gunpowder, compass, etc.)

• traded silk, porcelain, paper

Japan

• zen buddism

• strong nation-state