American history unit 4.5

Jacob riis

Danish immigrant who became an NYC reporter in 1873 moved president to take up the cause of urban reformed after taking night in the slums photo

John Muir

Emigrated w his family from Scotland, urged the federal government to adopt a forest conservation policy, founded the sierra club ¡

National Park service

Manages all national parks; preserves land as well as protect them, making them available for the public to see; U.S. forest service is designed to manage forests 

Settlement house

Community center organized at the turn of the 20th century to provide social services to the urban poor

Jane Adams

CoFound hull house in 1889 was a pacifist and advocate for women suffrage wrote many books and in 1931. She shared the Nobel peace prize.

Progressive

Movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

Direct primary

election in which citizens cells vote to select nominees for upcoming election

Secret ballot

Reform voting method in which voters choice in an election are anonymous preventing attempts to influence the voter by intimidation and potential vote buying

Muckraker

Who uncoveres and exposes misconduct in government or business

Upton Sinclair

American muckraker, writer and journalist who wrote the jungle after investigating the conditions of the meat packing plans in Chicago

Meat inspection act

1906 law that empowered the federal government to inspect meet sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants

Pure food and drug act

1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs

16th amendment

1913 amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax

17th amendment

1913 constitutional amendment that allowed for the direct election of U.S. senator by citizens

Initiative

process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot

Referendum

Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature

Recall

Process on which voters can remove elected officials from office before their term ends

Political machine

A political problem, the political party organization that decides who’s in the election and recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives in exchange for their support

Monetary policy

Control of the money supplied by Central authority, including influencing interest rates to promote economic growth, and stability

Federal reserve act

1913 law that placed national banks under control of a federal reserve board which operates regional banks that had the reserve funds from commercial banks; sets interest rates and supervise commercial banks