Memory Processes and Brain Functions: Definitions for Psychology

Memory

The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

Recall

Retrieving information from memory without cues.

Recognition

Identifying previously learned information when it is presented.

Relearning

Learning information more quickly when you encounter it a second (or third) time.

Encoding

The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Storage

The process of retaining encoded information over time.

Retrieval

The process of getting stored information out of memory.

Parallel Processing

The brain's ability to process many aspects of a problem or stimuli simultaneously.

Sensory Memory

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information (less than a second for visual, a few seconds for auditory).

Prospective Memory

Remembering to perform an intended action in the future.

Working Memory

The part of short-term memory that actively processes, manipulates, and organizes information.

Central Executive

The part of working memory that directs attention and coordinates other components (like the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad).

Neurogenesis

The formation of new neurons in the brain.

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

A long-lasting strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity, which helps with learning and memory.