Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from birth to approximately 18 months. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers to meet their needs; successful completion leads to a sense of security.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The second stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from about 18 months to 3 years. In this stage, children learn to develop independence and self-control; successful completion fosters a sense of autonomy.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The third stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from about 3 to 6 years. In this stage, children assert power and control through directing play and other social interactions; successful completion leads to a sense of initiative.

industry vs. Inferiority

The fourth stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from about 6 to 12 years. In this stage, children learn to cope with new social and academic demands; successful completion fosters a sense of industry and competence.

identity vs. role confusion

The fifth stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from about 12 to 18 years. In this stage, adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self; successful completion leads to a strong identity.

intimacy vs. isolationism

The sixth stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from about 18 to 40 years. In this stage, individuals form intimate, loving relationships with others; successful completion results in strong relationships and a sense of connectedness.

generatively vs. stagnation

The seventh stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from about 40 to 65 years. In this stage, individuals establish care and productivity in their work and contributions to society; successful completion leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment.

ego integrity vs. despair

The eighth stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, occurring from about 65 years onward. In this stage, individuals reflect on their life and feel a sense of fulfillment or regret; successful completion results in wisdom and acceptance of one's life choices.