HC_Cultural Landscapes Part 1

Clearly Defined Landscape

embraces garden and parkland landscapes constructed for aesthetic reasons which are often (but not always) associated with religious or other monumental buildings and ensembles

Aesthetic

Clearly Defined Landscapes are mostly done for ___ reasons

Religion

Clearly Defined Landscapes are mostly associated with what discipline

Organically Evolved Landscape

results from an initial social, economic, administrative, and/or religious imperative and has developed its present form by association with and in response to its natural environment

Organically Evolved Landscape

landscapes that reflect the process of evolution in their form and component features

Relict Landscape and Continuing Landscape

Two Types of Organizally Evolved Landscape

Relict Landscape

one in which an evolutionary process came to an end at some time in the past, either abruptly or over a period. Its significant distinguishing features are, however, still visible in material form

Fossil Landscape

other term for Relict Landscape

Continuing Landscape

retains an active social role in contemporary society closely associated with the traditional way of life, and in which the evolutionary process is still in progress. At the same time, it exhibits significant material evidence of its evolution over time

Associative Cultural Landscape

with powerful religious, artistic or cultural associations of the natural element rather than material cultural evidence, which may be insignificant or even absent.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE:

A cultural landscape cannot be associated with the living traditions of those inhabiting it or living around it in the case of some designed landscapes like gardens.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

associations arise from interactions and perceptions of a landscape; such as beliefs closely linked to the landscape and the way it has been perceived over time

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

cultural landscapes should mirror the cultures which created them

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE:

'Habitat values' are considered to be predominantly 'cultural' rather than natural

Cultural Heritage Significance

aesthetic, archaeological, architectural, cultural, historical, scientific or social significance for past, present or future generations (Burra Charter 1999)

Aesthetic Significance

accommodates all the sensory values of the place (but privileges the visual especially) and is often encapsulated in architectural terms, such as through a particular style

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

sounds and smells can contribute to a site's aesthetic significance

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

An organically evolved landscape or associative landscape may have aesthetic value for its scenic beauty

Archaeological Significance

Includes landscapes with post-contact archaeological remains and their relevant setting; the latter may also have heritage value, or may be included to ensure protection of the archaeological material.

Architectural Significance

In landscape terms, will typically relate to built structures and their style, but very often is also relevant to their landscape setting to which the design may respond

Historical Significance

value of a place's association with important historical events, eras or individuals, people

Scientific Significance

technical achievements associated with a place, or for its educational potential

Horticultural

Scientific Significance is often strongly related to ___ activities and engineering or architectural structures in landscapes. A place may demonstrate techniques such as methods of plant manipulation and cultivation in response to environment and climate.

Educational potential

capacity to divulge information on further investigation and research about the past

Social Value

may include places of significance to groups and communities, especially through use

Community

social value and the deep sense of attachment to a place is symbolic of ___

Assessment Checklist

provides a general framework for considering the landscape factors relevant for assessme

Holistic

cultural landscape heritage assessment should recognize the ___ nature of landscapes as part of a larger environmental system.

Area/Environmental/Site Context

Includes geography and topography, waterways, vegetation, ecosystems

Topography

three dimensional configuration of the landscape surface characterized by features and orientation

Boundaries

determine the practical limits of the landscape site and its heritage protection; views and vistas, historical boundaries, depths below ground

Cultural Patterns

Include land use, history, cultural traditions, periods of development, form and layout of elements

Land Use

including changing patterns of use over time and their physical traces (e.g. fencelines, property divisions, etc). Over time, a particular period of use may be more significant than others

Cultural Traditions

patterns that influence land use, patterns of division, building forms, and the use of materials

Distribution of Elements

Spatial organization, cluster arrangements, circulation systems, and routes

Cluster Arrangements

could apply as 'spatial relationships' of buildings and structures in the landscape, including spaces between elements

Specific Elements

vegetation and specific specimens, buildings and structures, hard landscape elements, archaeological fabric, and small-scale details and features