AP CSP - unit 2

the internet

A global network connecting millions of computers, making it possible to exchange information.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite

Net Neutrality

the principle that Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites.

Internet Censorship

The control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet. It may be carried out by governments or by private organizations at the behest of government, regulators, or on their own initiative.

network

a set of computers which are connected to each other for the purpose of sharing resources

Routing

the process of finding a path from sender to receiver (speed dependant on bandwidth)

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time (higher the bandwidth, faster the message is passed)

protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

IP Adress (Internet Protocol)

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

redundancy

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

Fault-tolerant systems

systems designed to tolerate faults or errors like if a part of the system breaks but not all of it the system can continue to run

packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

Datastream

Information passed through the internet in packets.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets ("clearing out the library all at once" useful if accuracy doesn't matter as much as speed)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered ("labeling all of the book before putting them back" useful if accuracy is more important than speed)

domain name

the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. (helps internet "scale" or basically get as big as it wants w/o having to change anything)

Scalibility

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

World Wide Web (WWW)

a system of linked pages, programs, and files (different from the internet: www are files and the internet is what we use to access them)

digital divide

A worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology