Basics and Respiratory System - CSD Exam 1

How would you simply define communication?

The process of exchanging information or ideas between people

What makes up a communication exchange?

The sender encodes what they want to express, sends this message via spoken word, hand gestures, or something else, and then that message gets decoded by the receiver. This is a continuous loop

What shapes communication choices?

Environment, access, emotional state, physical/sensory factors, and purpose

How would you simply define language?

A system of symbols and rules used to share meaning

What are the different ways language can be expressed?

Spoken word, written, signed, and symbol based systems like AAC

How does language vary?

Different cultures and different communities have different dialects from one another

T/F: Difference does not mean disorder

True

What is speech?

The physical production of sounds used to express language

Can speech be expressed orally or non-orally? If so provide examples.

Yes! The use of an AAC or typing is still a form of speech

T/F: Non oral = Non verbal

False

What is the difference between non oral and non verbal?

Non oral means not using spoken word, but the person may still use language through either gestures or an AAC

Non verbal means without words or language

How would you simply define hearing?

The perception of sound and the ability to process auditory info

T/F: Hearing is required for language

False

Hearing supports access to _________

Spoken communication

How would you simply define cognition?

Mental processes that support communication; i.e. executive function

What is executive function?

The cognitive process that controls memory, attention, reasoning, and problem solving

What are different ways that communication is formed for those who are non-verbal?

Expressed through body language, facial expressions, gestures, and proximity

What does IPP stand for?

Interprofessional Practice

What does interprofessional practice mean?

Collaborating with professions of other disciplines. For SLPs this would be PTs, OTs, Doctors, Music Therapists, Audiologists, etc.

What does holisitc approach mean?

Focuses on treating the whole mind and body rather than focusing on one individual aspect. This approach is often used because all of these aspects of health/recovery are interconnected and influence one another

What does evidence based practice (EBP) mean?

The mixture of research evidence and patient values to make informed decisions on their care

When should evidence based practice be used?

Should be used to improve patient outcomes

What is the medical model of disability?

When the person suffering from a disability, either acquired or not, is viewed as the problem and needs fixing

What is the social model of disability?

When society is viewed as the problem and the one that needs fixing in order to accommodate those with disabilities

How can the medical and social model of disability work with one another?

They can work together by bringing both individual health needs and societal accommodations

What does disorder mean when it comes to speech?

Impairment in receiving, sending, processing, or understanding messages

What does difference mean when it comes to speech?

Variation in rules; i.e. regional/social/cultural dialect

What are the three subsystems that work together to produce speech?

Respiratory system, laryngeal system, and articulatory system

What is the SLPs scope of practice when it comes to the respiratory system?

Aide in communication, swallowing, cognition (need oxygen), and general fatigue

What is the main biological role of the respiratory system?

Moving oxygen in and out of the lungs and to exchange oxygen and CO2 in the blood

Are SLPs interested in the voluntary or involuntary part of respiratory behaviors?

Voluntary

What role does the respiratory system play in speech production?

It is the power source for phonation

What are medical/physical factors that may impact respiration?

COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, Neurological disease, muscle weakness, or smoking

What is COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

What are functional/behavioral factors that may impact respiration

Anxiety, posture, vocal fry, mouth breathing, speech/singing habits, and endurance

What is resting breathing and how many cycles of respiration are there in 30 seconds

Resting breathing occurs when you are just breathing normally. It is about 6/7 even breaths per minute and you can see the chest expand

What is speech breathing and how many cycles of respiration are there in 30 seconds

About 5/6 breathes, but harder to tell since inhales are shorter and the chest doesn’t expand as much. Inhales also usually happen at the end of sentences

How does your posture affect breathing?

You are not able to sustain producing sound as long and it is less clear

How does shoulder tension affect speech?

Having your shoulders up near your ears causes a quieter more nasally tone to be produced whereas lowered shoulders produces a louder volume since it opens breathing

What are SLPs interested in relating to the respiratory system?

Cycle of respiration, belly vs chest breathing, nose vs mouth breathing, posture, and respiration vs phonation

Why would an SLP make postural changes to help someones breathing?

Better posture leads to better breath support

Why is one of the roles of SLPs to conserve energy?

Leads to less fatigue

Why are SLPs interested in what the respiratory system has to do with swallowing

It is important for a breath to be taken before swallowing to ensure safety and coordination

How many breaths per minute do infants take? Adults?

30-60 for infants and 12-16 for adults

How many breaths per minute can you expect an aging person to take?

Atrophy, which is the decrease size of muscles. will cause them to take more than adults

Where are the vocal folds located

Larynx

What is the medical term for windpipe?

Trachea

What does the nose do when you breath in?

Filters and moistens the air

Where does the exchange of oxygen and CO2 occur in the body?

Alveoli

What is equivalent to a a cycle of respiration?

One inspiration and one expiration

What do inspiration and expiration mean?

Inhalation and Exhalation