TFN: FT.7 Nola Pender (Health Promotion Model)

Nola Pender

Developed the Health Promotion Model

Health Promotion Model

What is the theory of Nola Pender?

Does not have a metaparadigm

Metaparadigm

Health Promotion Model

Indicates preventative health measures and describes the critical function of nurses in helping patients prevent illness by self-care and bold alternatives.

Directed at increasing a patient's level of well-being

Describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health.

Defines health as a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease.

Health Promotion Model (continued)

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention should be the main focus in health care, and when health promotion and prevention fail to anticipate predicaments and problems, then care in illness becomes the new priority.

Each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and affect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified through nursing actions.

Health promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development.

1. Individual Characteristics and Experiences

2. Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect

3. Behavioral Outcomes

3 Areas of Health Promotion

Individual Characteristics & Experiences

One of the main areas of health promotion; includes (1) prior related behavior (2) personal factors

Prior Related Behavior

One of the Individual Characteristics & Experiences

Frequency of the same or similar behavior in the past; has direct and indirect effects on the likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaiviors

Prior Related Behavior & Personal Factors (Biological, Psychological, Sociocultural)

2 Components included in Individual Characteristics & Experiences

Biological, Psychological, Socio-cultural

3 Types of Personal Factors (Under Individual Characteristics and Experiences)

Personal biological factors

One of the personal factors; Include variables such as age, gender, body mass index, pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength, agility, or balance

Age, gender, body mass index, pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength, agility, or balance

Variables included in personal biological factors

Personal Psychological Factors

One of the personal factors; Include variables such as self-esteem, self-motivation, personal competence, perceived health status, and definition of health

Self-esteem, self-motivation, personal competence, perceived health status, and definition of health

Variables included in personal psychological factors

Personal socio-cultural factors

One of the personal factors

Include variables such as race, ethnicity, acculturation, education, and socioeconomic status

Race, ethnicity, acculturation, education, and socioeconomic status

Variables included in Personal Socio-cultural Factors

Behavior-specific cognitions and affect

One of the main areas of the HPM; Variables considered to be of major motivational significance and are modifiable through nursing actions

Includes (1) Perceived benefits of action (2) Perceived barriers to action (3) Perceived self-efficacy (4) Activity-related affect (5) Interpersonal influences (6) Situational influences

1. Perceived benefits of action

2. Perceived barriers to action

3. Perceived self-efficacy

4. Activity-related affect

5. Interpersonal influences

6. Situational influences

6 Behavior-specific Cognitions and Affect

Perceived benefits of action

One of the Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affect

Anticipated positive outcomes that will occur from health behavior.

Perceived barriers to action

One of the Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affect

Anticipated, imagined or real blocks and personal costs of understanding a given behavior.

Includes cost, inconvenience, unpleasantness, and lifestyle changes.

Perceived self-efficacy

One of the Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affect

An individual's beliefs about how effectively he or she can control his or her own behavior, thoughts, and emotions in order to achieve a desired goal

Activity-Related Affect

One of the Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affect

Describes the subjective positive or negative feelings that occur before, during, and after behavior based on the stimulus properties of the behavior itself

Whether or not the patient will repeat an activity needed to maintain health. Emotions that are tied to actions.

Influences perceived self-efficacy, which means the more positive the subjective feeling, the greater the feeling of efficacy. In turn, increased feelings of efficacy can generate a further positive affect.

Interpersonal influence

One of the Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affect

Include norms (expectations of significant others), social support (instrumental and emotional encouragement) and modeling (vicarious learning through observing others engaged in a particular behavior). Primary sources of this are families, peers, and healthcare providers.

(1) Norms (expectations of significant others)

(2) Social support (instrumental and emotional encouragement)

(3) Modeling (vicarious learning through observing others engaged in a particular behavior)

3 Main Parts of Interpersonal Influence

families, peers, and healthcare providers

Primary Sources of Interpersonal Influences

Situational Influences

One of the Behavior-Specific Cognitions & Affect

Influences that result from circumstances, time, and location that affect the person's health behavior.

Behavioral outcomes

One of the major areas of the HPM; includes (1) commitment to a plan of action, (2) immediate competing demands and preferences, and (3) health-promoting behavior

Commitment to Plan of Action

One of the Behavioral Outcomes

Concept of intention and identification of a planned strategy leading to implementation of health behavior

Whether or not the patient see goals for health as important. They need to fully comprehend and understand why and how they are going to have healthy behaviors.

Immediate Competing Demands and Preferences

One of the Behavioral Outcomes

Consists of:

Competing demands are those alternative behaviors over which individuals have low control because there are environmental contingencies such as work or family care responsibilities.

Competing preferences are alternative behaviors over which individuals exert relatively high control, such as choice of ice cream or apple for a snack

Competing Demands

Under Immediate Competing Demands and Preferences; Those alternative behaviors over which individuals have low control because there are environmental contingencies such as work or family care responsibilities.

Competing Preferences

Under Immediate Competing Demands and Preferences; Alternative behaviors over which individuals exert relatively high control, such as choice of ice cream or apple for a snack

Health-Promoting Behavior

One of the behavioral outcomes

Endpoint or action outcome that is directed toward attaining positive health outcomes such as optimal wellbeing, personal fulfillment, and productive living

End goal for this model?

Preventing illness through the use of education of an unhealthy habit (i.e. smoking or drinking)

An individual should be able to be consciously and actively regulating their own behaviors to achieve optimal health

Have the individual be educated enough to educate their healthy behaviors to others to prevent illness and suffering for others