Global Cities

Global Cities

are central sites for advanced services and facilities of telecommunications which are necessary for the execution & the management of global economic activities

Specialized Businesses

the part of the global city in which they facilitate the flow of money, info, & services across borders

Cosmopolitanism

it refers to the idea of this concept which usually makes pleasant images of travel, exploration & soon by those people outside global cities

GaWC

it stands for "Globalization & World Cities Study Group & Network" on which they ranked cities based on advanced producer services

advanced producer services

it refers to accountancy, advertising, finances, & law by international corporations

1999 Alpha World Cities

are full service world cities

Apha World Cities include of…

[(12 pts) - London, New York, Paris, Tokyo],

[(10 pts) - Chicago, Frankfurt, Hong kong, Los Angeles, Milan, Singapore]

Beta World Cities

are major world cities

Beta world Cities include of

[9 pts - San Francisco, Sydney, Toronto, Zurich]

[8 pts - Brussels, Madrid, Mexico City, San Paulo]

[7 pts - Moscow, Seoul]

Gamma World Cities

are minor world cities

Gamma World Cities include of

[6 pts- Boston, Dallas, Geneva, Houston, Jakarta, Johannes burg, Osaka, Santiago, Taipei, Washington]

[5 pts - Bangkok, Beijing, Montreal, Rome, Stockholm, Warsaw]

[4 pts - Atlanta, Barcelona, Berlin, Budapest, Hamburg, Kuala, Manila, Miami]

1994 GaWC

the redefined & re-categorised classifications of global cities

Well rounded Global Cities includes of…

Very large contribution, Smaller Contribution & with cultural bias, Incipient global cities

Very large contribution countries

London & New York City

Smaller contribution & with cultural bias countries

Los Angeles, Paris & San Francisco

Incipient global cities

Boston, Chicago, Madrid, Milan, Moscow, Toronto

Global niche cities

refers to countries that have specialised contributions in global economic and political & social aspects

Economic aspect

Hongkong, Singapore & Tokyo

Political & social

Brussels, Geneva, Strasbourg & Washington

Subnet articular cities includes of

Cultural, Political, & Social Countries

Cultural countries

Berlin, Munich, Osio, Rome,

Political

Bangkok, Beijing, Vienna

Social

Manila, Nairobi, Ottawa

World-wide leading cities consist of two parts

Economic & non-economic global cities

Economic cities consist of

Frankfurt, Miami, Munich, Osaka, Singapore, Sydney, Zurich

Non-economic cities consist of

Abidjan, Atlanta, Barcelona, Cairo, Denver, Harrare

Global City Index

it consists of indicators & parameters to determine the categories of global cities & the extent of its functions

Five dimensions of GCI

Business Activity, Human Capital, Information Exchange, Cultural Experience, Political Engagement

Business Activity

presence of headquarters services firms, value of goods through ports & airports

Human Capital

size of foreign-born population, quality of universities, international student population

Information Exchange

accessibility of major TV news, number of international new bureau

Cultural Experience

number of sporting events, museums, performing arts venues,

Political Engagement

number of embassies, consulates, international organisations, political conferences

Global Power City Index

evaluates and ranks the major cities based on their magnetism to attract people, capital, enterprises around the world

6 fundamental Areas of GPCI 2011

Economy, Research & Development, Cultural Interaction, Livability, Environment, Accessibility

Economy

refers to the market attractiveness, economic vitality, business environment, regulations & risk

Research & Development

refers to research background, readiness for accepting & supporting researches

Cultural Interaction

refers to trendsetting potential, accommodation environment, dining, & volume of interaction

Livability

refers to the working environment, cost of living, security & safety

Environment

refers to ecology, population & natural environment

Accessibility

Refers to international transport infrastructure & inner city transportation infrastructure

Top 10 Global power cities

London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, Singapore, Seoul, Amsterdam, Berlin, Hong Kong, Sydney