College Bio- Biodiversity

Properties of Life

Shows some order in anatomy/physiology, Regulation of internal systems (homeostasis), Growth & Development – determined by DNA, Takes in & utilizes energy, Response to environmental/stimuli, Reproduction – of their own kind, Evolution – an innate capacity to change/time

Plant organs and tissues necessary for life on land

roots, stems, leaves

Root function

Holds the plant to the ground, takes in water & essential minerals

Stem function

Gives structure (holds plant up), Vascular system with two pipes, xylem & phloem

Leaves function

Photosynthesis

Stomata

openings for gas exchange (leaf)

Cuticle

prevents dehydration; waxy coating (leaf)

Xylem

water transport (stem)

Phloem

food transport (stem)

Taxonomy

The science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms includes all plants, animals, and microorganisms of the world.

Carolus Linneaus

18th Century Swedish Physician/BotanistDeveloped the system of “binomial nomenclature”, 2-part name (Genus and species

Phylogenetic Trees

Expresses an evolutionary history, use branching diagrams to show relationships, most inclusive taxon (group) on the bottom. Each branch shows the divergence of two lineages from a “common ancestor.”

Homologous structures

show close relationships; same bone structure, may have different functions; thought to have a common ancestry.

Convergent evolution

A term to describe the “getting” or acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages.

Lichen

2 organisms: Green algae (protista) or Cyanobacteria (bacteria) + Fungus (fungi)