NURSING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION

What is the Origin of the Word "Research"?

From the old French word "cerchier" meaning "to seek"; the prefix "re" means "again," indicating repetition or replication of the study.

What is Research?

Systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to answer questions and solve problems.

What is Nursing Research?

Systematic inquiry to develop trustworthy evidence about issues important to nurses and their clients.

Main target for Nursing Research?

- PRACTICE

- EDUCATION

- ADMINISTRATION

What is Evidence-Based Practice?

Process of systematically finding, evaluating, and using research findings to guide clinical decisions and patient care.

What is the Therapy or Intervention Purpose in Research?

Investigates which interventions lead to better health outcomes or prevent adverse outcomes.

What is the Diagnosis or Assessment Purpose in Research?

Determines which tests or assessment procedures provide accurate diagnoses or evaluate critical patient conditions and outcomes.

What is the Prognosis Purpose in Research?

Examines whether exposure to a disease or health problem increases the risk of future adverse outcomes.

What is the Etiology/Cause/Harm Purpose in Research?

Investigates the causes of health problems or harm to understand their effects.

What is the Meaning & Process Purpose in Research?

Explores the meaning of life experiences and how they unfold over time.

What are the five steps for Evidence-Based Practice?

1. Formulating well-built questions

2. Identifying articles and other evidence-based resources that answer the question

3. Critically appraising the evidence to assess its validity

4. Applying the evidence

5. Re-evaluating the application of evidence and areas of improvement

What is the Positivist Assumption in Research?

Reality exists independently and can be studied; nature is ordered and research seeks underlying causes of phenomena.

What is the Constructivist Assumption in Research?

Reality is constructed by participants; it exists in context, and findings result from the interaction between the researcher and participants.

What is Basic Research?

Explains base knowledge, formulates or refines theory, and focuses on discovery.

What is Applied Research?

Seeks solutions for existing problems and focuses on factors that can be changed by intervention.

What is Quantitative Research?

Uses deductive reasoning, collects empirical evidence from objective reality, and occurs in natural or lab settings.

What is Qualitative Research?

Uses inductive reasoning, gathers subjective information and insights, and takes place in the field.

What is Exploratory Research?

Describes an existing problem and examines factors contributing to it.

What are the ROLES OF NURSING IN RESEACH?

- RESEARCH CONSUMER

- MEMBERS OF THE RESEARCH TEAM

- PARTICIPANTS/ RESPONDENTS/ SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY

What is an Independent Variable?

The presumed cause in a study.

What is a Dependent Variable?

The presumed effect in a study.

What is a Conceptual Definition?

The theoretical meaning of a concept.

What is an Operational Definition?

Specifies exactly how researchers will measure a concept and collect the needed information.

What is Data?

Pieces of information gathered in a study.

What are Relationships?

Connections between phenomena.

What are the 5 major steps in Quantitative Research?

Phase 1: Conceptual Phase

Phase 2: Design and Planning Phase

Phase 3: Empirical Phase

Phase 4: Analytic Phase

Phase 5: Dissemination Phase

Phase 1: Conceptual Phase

Define the problem, review literature, do fieldwork, clarify concepts, and form a hypothesis.

Phase 2: Design and Planning Phase

Plan the study by choosing design, interventions, population, sampling, measurements, and safety procedures.

Phase 3: Empirical Phase

Collect and organize the data for analysis.

Phase 4: Analytic Phase

Analyze the data and interpret the results.

Phase 5: Dissemination Phase

Share the findings and apply them in practice.

What are the 4 major steps in Qualitative Research?

1. Planning the Study

2. Developing Data Collection Strategies

3. Gathering and Analyzing Data

4. Disseminating Findings

1. Planning the Study

Identify the research problem, review literature, develop the overall approach, choose sites, and ensure participant safety.

2. Developing Data Collection Strategies

Decide what data to collect, from whom, and how to gather it while enhancing trustworthiness.

3. Gathering and Analyzing Data

Collect, organize, and analyze data, making adjustments as needed and checking for saturation.

4. Disseminating Findings

Share the findings and make recommendations for practice and future research.