Engineering Pre-Major Year Collaborative (EPYC) Program - Logic and Programming

A collection of key terms and definitions from the lecture on Logic and Programming.

Algorithm

A step-by-step processing procedure used to solve problems.

Flowchart

A graphical representation of an algorithm.

Data Terminal

Defines the starting and ending point of a flowchart.

Initialization

The preparation or initialization of memory space for data processing.

Input/Output

Represents the data input and output in a flowchart.

Process

Represents manipulation of data such as assignment and mathematical computations.

Decision

Represents processing of conditions using relational operators.

Subroutine or Function

Used to group sequences that perform a specific, well-defined task.

Flow Lines

Defines the logical sequence of the program by directing to the next symbol to be performed.

Sequence Structure

Represents a flow which is performed in a particular order.

Selection Structure

Represents a flow in which processes are selected based on certain conditions.

Repetition Structure

Represents a flow wherein a condition is performed repeatedly as long as certain requirements are satisfied.

Programming Language

A collection of rules and syntax used to describe a program.

Low-Level Language

Programming languages that are easy for computers to interpret.

High-Level Language

Programming languages that resemble human language and reduce user concern about hardware.

C++ Language

A general-purpose programming language that supports data abstraction, generic, and object-oriented programming.

Pre-processor directive

Instructs the compiler to locate files that contain specific libraries.

Body of the program

The location within a program where the content is written.

Executable Program

The program that is loaded into memory for execution.

Variable

A one-word name that points to a value in programming.

Data Type

Determines the type of data that a variable can hold.

Primitive Data Type

Built-in data types that can be directly used to declare variables.

Constant

A memory location whose content cannot change during the execution of a program.

Identifier

A name given to a variable that consists of letters, digits, and underscores.

Output Stream

The flow of bytes from main memory to the output device (e.g., display).

Input Stream

The flow of bytes from the input device (e.g., keyboard) to the main memory.

Escape Sequences

Special characters used to modify the format of an output.

Casting

Explicit type conversion to avoid implicit type coercion.

Escape Sequences

Characters used to control the output format in strings.