Chapter 3 Leadership Qualities, Characteristics of Followers, and Situational Factors The Art of Leadership

The first requirement for a leader is a strong sense of purpose.

Vision.

The leader must know the job—or invite loss of respect.

Ability.

Genuine ___________________ is an important trait of a good leader.

enthusiasm

The leader must understand her or his own world and how it relates to

the world of others.

Stability.

At the heart of caring leadership is _____________.

concern for others

________________in one's ability gives the leader inner strength to

overcome difficult tasks.

Self-Confidence

_______________ The leader must have drive and determination to stick with difficult tasks until they are completed.

Persistence.

_____________ Even if the spirit is willing, strength and stamina are needed to fulfill

the tasks of leadership.

Vitality.

____________ is a special personal quality that generates others' interest

and causes them to follow.

Charisma

___________the most important quality of leadership is ___________, understood as honesty, strength of character, and courage.

Integrity.

six negative behaviors or flaws:

1. Incompetence. The leader lacks will or skill (or both) to sustain effective action.

2. Rigidity. The leader is closed-minded to new ideas, new information, or changing

times.

3. Intemperance. The leader lacks self-control in personal habits and conduct.

4. Callousness. The leader is uncaring and unkind, discounting the needs of

others.

5. Corruption. The leader puts self-interest ahead of public interest, and is willing

to lie, cheat, or steal.

6. Cruelty. The leader commits atrocities inflicting physical and/or emotional pain

on others.

"Negative" Leadership

Two characteristics of followers that influence the leadership process are ______________and ____________.

respect for authority and interpersonal trust

six principles of trust

1. Deal openly with everyone.

2. Consider all points of view.

3. Keep promises.

4. Give responsibility.

5. Listen to understand.

6. Care about people.

Situational Factors

■Size of the organization.

■Social and psychological climate.

■Patterns of employment.

■Type, place, and purpose of work.

Different Kinds of Intelligence

Crystallized intelligence represents one's lifetime of intellectual attainments, as

shown by vocabulary, accumulated facts about the world, and ability to solve problems within one's area of expertise.

Fluid intelligence involves mental flexibility, as shown by the ability to process

information rapidly, as in solving problems in new areas of endeavor.

Intensity of Knowledge, Beliefs, Preferences, Behaviors, and Experiences

style of

leading—directive, participative, or free-rein.

Directive Style

(Leader-centered

decision making)

Leader decides

what is to be done

and how it is to be

done, and presents

the decision to

followers, allowing

no questions or

opposing points of

view.

Leader attempts to

convince followers

of the "rightness"

of decisions.

Participative Style

(Leader and followers share

decision making)

Leader announces

principles and sets

forth methods of

decision making,

yet permits ideas,

questions, and

discussion from

followers.

Leader presents a

problem, asks for

followers' ideas,

and makes final

decisions based

on their input.

Free-Rein Style

(Follower-centered

decision making).

Leader presents

problems with some

boundaries and lets

followers make final

decisions.

Leader allows

followers as

much freedom as

leader has to

define problems

and make

decisions.

Directive Style

Leader

Emphasis

Participative Style

Emphasis

Free-Rein Style

Decade Nature of Work Culture Focus of Leadership

Pre-1950

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

Post-2000

Nature of Work Culture Focus of Leadership

Hierarchy Command and control

Organization Supervision

Systems Administration

Strategy Management

Innovation Entrepreneurship

Diversity Team building

Community Relationship management