Global 9H Weekly Assessment 20 BN 11-23

What movement did the Renaissance lead to regarding the Catholic Church?

The Reformation.

What did Renaissance values stimulate in relation to the Catholic Church?

Criticism of the Church's extravagance.

What significant change began around 1500 concerning the Church?

People began calling for a Reformation, a change in the Church's ways of teaching and practicing Christianity.

What new form of Christianity emerged from the Church split in Germany?

Protestantism.

Who was Martin Luther?

A German Monk who started the Protestant Reformation.

What is 'Justification by Faith' according to Martin Luther?

The belief that a person could be made good simply by faith in God's mercy and love.

What conflict arose from Luther's ideas?

Luther's ideas brought him into conflict with the Catholic Church.

What was Pope Leo X trying to do that led to the sale of indulgences?

Raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica.

What are indulgences?

Certificates issued by the Church to reduce or cancel punishment for a person's sins.

What did people believe about purchasing indulgences?

It would assure them admission to heaven.

What significant action did Martin Luther take on October 31, 1517?

He nailed the 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church.

What was the Catholic Counter Reformation?

The Catholic Church's response to the claims made by the Protestants.

What was the role of the Jesuits in the Counter Reformation?

They were loyal to the Pope and sought out Protestant 'heretics'.

What did the Council of Trent reaffirm?

Catholic beliefs, including salvation through faith AND good works.

What was forbidden by the Council of Trent?

The selling of indulgences.

What was a key cause of the Age of Absolutism?

The decline of feudalism.

What is an Absolute Monarch?

A political system in which a country is ruled by a monarch who has absolute control.

How did the power of kings change from the Middle Ages to the 16th and 17th centuries?

Kings increased their power and relied less on nobles.

What is 'Divine Right'?

The justification of monarchy through the word of God.

Who was Ivan the Terrible?

A ruler who centralized royal power in Russia and introduced extreme absolute power.

What were Peter the Great's main goals for Russia?

To modernize and westernize Russia.

What significant capital did Peter the Great build?

St. Petersburg.

What was Peter the Great's foreign policy focused on?

Creating the largest army in Europe and expanding Russian territory.

Who continued Peter the Great's policies of westernization?

Catherine the Great.

What impact did Catherine the Great's rule have on serfs?

Under her rule, the lives of the serfs got worse.