ENGLISH REVIEW

2 types of listening strategies

2 types of listening strategies

listening based on purpose and listening based on familiarity of text

the purpose of this type of listening is to grasp the main points or general information presented in the audio.

listening for the main idea

it is to get specific information that are necessary or important.

listening for the details

it is to get the correct order or sequence of information or directions.

listening for the sequence

it is to infer the meaning presented by the speaker or audio using clues to work out the meaning of what you heard.

Inferring the meaning

How to become active listeners?

Pay attention
Show that you are listening
Provide feedback
Defer judgment
Respond appropriately

Advantages of being familiar with the topic

It makes the listener receive information and understand it easily.
It gives the listener the ability to communicate effectively with the speaker.
The topic may be predictable to the listener.

It is a listener-based strategy.
This uses the background knowledge to make sense of what an audience is listening to.
The listener already knows a fair amount of information about the topic.

Top-Down Strategy

Also known as text-based listening strategy.
Happens when the listener focuses on words, sounds, and grammatical structures.
Use to know details and segments.

Bottom-Up Strategy

a web-based tool that enables users to locate information on the World Wide Web.

search engine

these search engines have their own collection of web pages and use special rules to find information when you type in questions or keywords.

General search engine

these search engines prioritize sustainability and take action to help the planet.

Eco-friendly search engine

these search engines ask multiple other search engines, like Google and Bing, for further data and combine their results to give you more at once.

Meta search engine

these search engines are tailored to provide more targeted results within a particular category or domain

Specific search engine

it is the academic counterpart of Google. The results it gives you will focus more on educational websites.

RefSeek

it is known for its "computation intelligence." It answers factual queries by computing answers from externally sourced data.

Wolfram Alpha

Basic steps in using a search engine

Figure out what you need to know.
Combine keywords to focus your search.
Double-check your information.
Bookmark reliable sources.

the timeliness of the information

Currency

the importance of the information for your needs.

Relevance

the source of the information

Authority

the reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the content.

Accuracy

the reason the information exist.

Purpose

3 categories of sources of information

print, broadcasting, and online materials

stating the major ideas of an entire source or part of a source in a paragraph or a sentence. It means cutting it down to its bare essentials. It is a brief overview of an entire discussion or argument. Quotation marks are needed if the exact words of the source are used.

summarizing

presenting your ideas of the source using your own words. It is rephrasing words or texts in your own words, without changing its own meaning.

paraphrasing

How to paraphrase?

1. Read and make notes

2. Find different terms or words

3. Put the text into your own words

4. Check your word

replace words and phrases with synonyms whenever you can.

Reword

 rearrange words within sentences to make new sentences. You can even rearrange the ideas presented within the paragraph.

Rearrange

_______ that some words and phrases cannot be replaced, but you can present them differently in your paraphrase. 

Realize

How to summarize?

1. Get a general idea of the original

2. Check your understanding

3. Make notes

4. Write your summary

5. Check your work

Pick the major point you want to communicate to the reader. Outline your thoughts in an organized manner. 

Find the main idea.

Have only around five to eight sentences for a summary paragraph. Keep it short and to the point. 

Keep it brief.

Write your summary in your own words, and avoid adding your opinion.

Write without judgment.

Connect your sentences with transition words, making sure they flow together and convey your summary clearly.

Check and make sure it flows.

gathering of information from a person thru questions. 

Interview

- Involves two people

- To discuss important matters

- To exchange ideas for the purpose of resolving a problem or issue

Dialogue

Conversation

___

• Educates a reader.

• It’s an academic paper which aims to inform the target audience about the particular object, person, event, or phenomenon.

• Also called expository essays.

• Answers the wh questions: what, where, why, who, how.

• Never express opinions or try to convince other people.

Informative essay 

the beginning of your work should introduce the reader to the subject and grab his interest. It should be catchy.

intro

should contain 3 or 4 paragraphs. Every paragraph should begin with a particular statement, which is explained and supported along the way.

body

restate every matter and questions you have discussed. 

Conclusion